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BSS ESC11 CH 8-12 vocab
My first flash card
28
Science
11th Grade
12/11/2008

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Cards

Term

carbonic acid

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Definition
A mild acid formed when water and carbon dioxide chemically combine in the atmosphere and soil.This acid is a very important component in the development of cave decorations (speleothems).
Term

chemical weathering[image]

Definition
The process that changes the chemical makeup of a rock or mineral at or near the Earth’s surface. Chemical weathering alters the internal structure of minerals by the removing and/or adding elements. Compare with mechanical weathering.
Term

creep

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Definition
The slowest form of mass movement, measured in millimeters or centimeters per year and occurring on virtually all slopes. cross bed A bed made up of particles dropped from a moving current, as of wind or water, and marked by a downward slope that indicates the direction of the current that deposited them
Term

erosion

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Definition
The process by which particles of rock and soil are loosened, as by weathering, and then transported elsewhere, as by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term

exfoliation

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Definition
A physical weathering process in which concentric layers of rock are removed from an outcrop.
Term

hydrolysis

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Definition
A chemical reaction involving water that results in the breakdown of mineral material.
Term

ice wedging

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Definition
Term

landslide

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Definition
Downslope movement of rock, soil, and mud.
Term

mass movement

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Definition
A general term used for any downslope movement of rock, soil, snow or ice under the influence of gravity. Includes: landslides, creep, rock falls and avalanches.
Term

mechanical weathering

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Definition

A general term applied to a variety of weathering processes that result in the particle size reduction of rock materials with no change in composition. Frost action, salt crystal growth and pressure relief fracturing are examples. Also known as physical weathering

Term

mudflow

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Definition
A type of mass movement composed mainly of clay-size materials with a high enough water content that it flows readily.
Term

oxidation

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Definition
A chemical reaction in which substances combine with oxygen. For example, the combination of iron with oxygen to form an iron oxide.
Term

parent material

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Definition
The source from which a given soil is chiefly derived, generally consisting of bedrock or sediment.
Term

residual soil

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Definition
the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved 
Term

soil

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Definition
the portion of the earth's surface consisting of disintegrated rock and humus.
Term

soil erosion

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Definition
the washing away of soil by the flow of water 
Term

soil profile

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Definition
a vertical succession of horizons, commonly lettered A, B, C (beginning at the surface), that have been subjected to soil-forming processes, chiefly leaching and oxidation.
Term

subsoil

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Definition
the bed or stratum of earth or earthy material immediately under the surface soil.
Term

topsoil

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Definition
the fertile, upper part of the soil.
Term

transported soil

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Definition
Term

weathering

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Definition
Geology. the various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose.
Term

aquifer

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Definition
any geological formation containing or conducting ground water, esp. one that supplies the water for wells, springs, etc.
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