Term
| contain the instructions to synthesize proteins as well as structural and ezymatic RNA molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Genes contain the instructions to _______ as well as ____ and _____ RNA molecules |
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Definition
| Synthesize -- structural---enzymatic |
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Term
| Genes are transcribed into _____ |
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Definition
| RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, and other RNA molecules) |
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Term
| only ____ is translated into a protein |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ polymerases transcribe genes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transcribes most rRNA genes and produces rRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcribes protein-coding genes and produces pre-mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcribes tRNA genes, transcribes some rRNA genes, and produces tRNA and rRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Structure of a eucaryotic gene |
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Definition
| Contains: Introns, exons, promoter, transcription start site, and termination sequence |
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Term
| ____ are DNA sequences that do not contain coding sequence for the protein |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ contain the coding sequence for the protein |
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Definition
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Term
| Nucleotide sequence in DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription |
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Definition
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Term
| the site where polymerase starts transcribing the gene forming a pre-mRNA molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| The DNA sequence which stops transcription |
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Definition
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Term
| is the strands of DNA that is transcribed by the polymerase |
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Definition
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Term
| is the strand that is not transcribed |
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Definition
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Term
| means towards the 3' end of the DNA strand in relation to a particular gene |
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Definition
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Term
| towards the 5' end of the DNA strand in relation to a particular gene |
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Definition
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Term
| Phases of gene transcription |
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Definition
| Initiation phase, elongation phase, termination phase |
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Term
| Phase in gene transcription where the Pol II binds to the promoter |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase in gene transcription where _____ Moves along DNA from 3' to 5' |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase in gene transcription where _____ Reads single strand of DNA and adds complementary nucleotides to growing pre-mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase in gene transcription where pre-mRNA is synthesized from 5' to 3' |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase in gene transcription that contains uracil instead of thymine |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase in gene transcription where Pol II recognizes termination sequence and releases DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What nucleotide is present in Pre-mRNA in 5' capping |
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Definition
| Guanine nucleotide with methyl group |
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Term
| series of repeated adenine nucleotides attached to 3' end |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are important for nuclear export of mRNA, mRNA stability, and translation of mRNA in cyotosome for pre-mRNA processing |
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Definition
| capping adn polyadenylation |
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Term
| removal of introns from pre-mRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Spliceosome structure consists of: |
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Definition
| small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and Proteins |
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Term
| recognizes a splicing sequence at 5' and 3' end of intron |
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Definition
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Term
| site of protein synthesis (translation) |
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Definition
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Term
| Large (60S) and small subunitis (40S) comprise ____ ribosome |
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Definition
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Term
| The 80S ribsosome is made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| rRNA and 50 proteins makes up the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| assemble into large and small subunits |
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Definition
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Term
| Large subunit (60S) contains ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The tRNA binding sites are made up of what sites? |
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Definition
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Term
| small subunit (40S) contains _______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When an amino acid is attached to the tRNA it is considered _______ and is called an aminoacyl-tRNA |
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Definition
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Term
| When an amino acid is attached to the tRNA it is considered charged and is called an ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Is highly 3-d structure which is essential for its function |
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Definition
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Term
| Initiation phase of translation starts when ______ is loaded on small ribosome along with eIFs (initiation factors) to form initiation complex |
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Definition
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Term
| There are ____ types of tRNAMet |
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Definition
| 2 --- tRNA(i)Met and tRNAMet |
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Term
| is the initiator tRNA and only used at start codon |
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Definition
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Term
| is used to incorporate Met into the growing polypeptide during elongation |
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Definition
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Term
| During the initiation phase of translation, the initiation complex recognized and binds mRNA at ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| During the initiation phase of translation, the 5' methyl cap is recognized by the small subunit of the ribosome only in ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| During the initiation phase of translation, once the complex recognizes and binds mRNA at 5' the complex then slides along the mRNA until it finds the first_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ sequence is thought to be important sequence surrounding AUG |
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Definition
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Term
| once the small subunit reaches the start codon, _______ dissociate to allow the large subunit to assemble with tRNA(i)Met |
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Definition
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Term
| once the small subunit reaches the start codon, eIF's dissociate to allow _____ to assemble with tRNA(i)Met |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| some eIFs are a part of : |
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Definition
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Term
| Some eIFs are important in recognizing the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| some eIFs are implant is making sure ____ is single stranded at the start site |
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Definition
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Term
| Some eIFs bind _____ which acts as a signal that the 3' end of the mRNA is intact |
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Definition
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Term
| some eIFs bind poly a tail which acts as a signal that the ___ of the mRNA is intact |
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Definition
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Term
| Some eIFs act as ______ to relax secondary structure allowing small ribosomal subunit to scan along mRNA to find start codon |
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Definition
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Term
| some eIFs act as helicases to relax secondary structure allowing small ribosomal subunit to scan along ____ to find start codon |
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Definition
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Term
| The first step of elongation of translation, tRNA with growing polypetide in p-site is transferred to new amino acid on tRNA that just entered the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The second step of elongation of translation, the ________ forms peptide bond between carboxy terminal of polypeptide chain and amino group of new amino acid |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ grows from amino to carboxy terminus |
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Definition
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Term
| During the third step of elongation of translation, the ribosome moves forward placing empty tRNA in ____ and tRNA with growing polypeptide in ____ leaving ____ open for incoming tRNA |
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Definition
| Esite --- p site---a site |
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Term
| increase accuracy and speed of translational process |
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Definition
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Term
| The first step of termination in translation, _______ are called into play when stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) appears in A-site |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Releasing factors bind to any ribosome with a stop codon in the A-site which forces ______ to transfer polypeptide to a molecule of H20 |
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Definition
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Term
| after polypeptide is changed to a H20 molecule the ribosome disassembles and releases ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is required for many steps in initiation, elongation and termination it is a very costly process |
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Definition
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Term
| in most cells, _____ consumes more energy than any other biosynthetic process |
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Definition
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Term
| more than one codon can code for a specific _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Post-translational modifications, |
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Definition
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