Term
| All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selective permeability allows a ______ where the chemistry necessary for life can occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All intracellular organelles are bounded by membranes: |
|
Definition
| compartmentalization and structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ molecules, such as fats, do not mix/dissolve with water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of hydrophobic molecule: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water is a polar solvent it prefers: |
|
Definition
| charges or polarized hydrophilic molecules |
|
|
Term
| Fats are typically ______ formed from glycerol with 2 or 3* fatty acids and are principally for fuel storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ are typically glycerides formed from glycerol with 2 or 3* fatty acids and are principally for fuel storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| membrane lipids typically contain a ________ in the third position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ typically contain a hydrophilic group in the third position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane lipids typically contain a hydrophilic group in the ____ position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids (Fats) are ______ with a hydrophobic part that will avoid water and a hydrophilic part that will interact with water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids will form a ____ when water is present on both sides presenting hydrophilic parts to both external surfaces with a hydrophobic core. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Creating a bilayer creates a ____ to water-soluble ions and molecules of approx. min. 7.5 to 10nm diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is a major membrane component which inserts in between the hydrocarbon "tails" stabilizing and affecting membrane permeability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol is a major membrane component which inserts.... |
|
Definition
| in between the hydrocarbon "tails" stabilizing |
|
|
Term
| The carbohydrate portions of glycolipids and glycoproteins are on the external surface where they form a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The protective coat, that the carbohydrate portions of glycolipids and glycoproteins, protect against: |
|
Definition
| mechanical and chemical damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell-cell recognition, surface antigens, and adhesion |
|
|
Term
| Examples of surface antigens: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The coat is involved in _______ adhesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membranes are synthesized primarily in the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membranes are synthesized primilary in the ER and modified in the_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membranes are synthesized primaryly in the ER and modified in the Golgi: Membrane ______ is maintained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During synthesis in the ER new lipids are added to the _____ face of the bilayer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ move half of the new lipids to the non-cytosolic face so both sides are expanded equally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flippases move half of the new lipids to the ____ face so both sides are expanded equally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biological membranes are usually ________ in lipid composition to suit function. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane synthesis begins in the ____ and is transported via _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membrane protein function is often dependent on the surrounding ____ environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ dissolve in neuronal membranes and affect ion channel function by disturbing the lipid-protein interface/the ion channel's environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volatile anesthetics dissolve in ________ and affect ion channel function by disturbing the lipid-protein interact/the ion channel's environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volatile anesthetics dissolve in neuronal membranes and affect ______ function by disturbing the lipid-protein interface/the ion channel's environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volatile anesthetics dissolve in neuronal membranes and affect ion channel function by disturbing the ____ |
|
Definition
| lipid-protein interface/the ion channel's environment. |
|
|
Term
| The cell membrane is _____ and allows ______ movement of embedded molecules/proteins necessary for cellular function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A ____ membrane allows for growth, cell division, movement, and various forms of endo and exocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A flexible membrane allows for growth, cell division, movement, and various forms of endo and exocytosis-- this is ____ for cell function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ depends on lipid composition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fluidity depends on _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fluidity depends on lipid composition; specifically..... |
|
Definition
| the length of hydrocarbon "tails" |
|
|
Term
| The longer the length of hydrocarbon "tails" the ___ fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The shorter the length of hydrocarbon "tails" the ___ fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The presence of double bonds ____ fluidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the tighter the hydrocarbon "tails" can pack together the ____ fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ and ____ adjust the lipid composition of their membranes to maintain appropriate fluidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some membrane proteins must be _____ to certain regions of the cell membrane or grouped together with other proteins for their function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some membrane proteins must be localized using ____ ____, on the cytosolic/inner face of the membrane to which various membrane proteins are attached. |
|
Definition
| network of structural proteins |
|
|
Term
| Example of structural protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localization of membrane proteins is necessary for _____ of the thin, delicate membrane and helps determine _______. |
|
Definition
| mechanical support----cell shape. |
|
|
Term
| The cytosolic/inner face helps determine the cell shape this structure is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cell cortex is linked to the _____ of the cell and is much more complex in the cells that move and therefore have to rearrange their membranes (actin cytoskeleton) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cell cortex is linked to the cytoskeleton of the cell and is much more complex in the cells that move and therefore have to ____ their membranes (Actin cytoskeleton) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| membrane protein position can be determined by links to extracellular structures and their movement is limited by ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is where adjacent cell membranes are actually fused providing a physical barrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seals neighhboring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage of molecules between them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Barrier, receiving information, import and export of molecules and capacity for movement and expansion |
|
|
Term
| Transmembrane proteins cross the lipid bilayer typically either as a single or multiple alpha-helices composed of approximately _____ residues with hydrophobic side chains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmembrane proteins are arranged _____ allowing integration with membrane lipids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transmembrane proteins can have a similar arrangement compared to the alpha-helices using __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmembrane proteins often have multiple subunits and can form a _____ or ______ |
|
Definition
| Hydrophilic "core" or "channel" |
|
|
Term
| _____ allows binding of a water soluble molecules for transport across the membrane |
|
Definition
| hydrophilic "core" or "channel" |
|
|
Term
| ____ allows the passage of ions to alter the membrane potential in excitable cells such as neurons |
|
Definition
| hydrophilic "core" or channel" |
|
|
Term
| Many transmembrane proteins are _____ allowing chemical signals that cannot enter the cell to be recognized and produce an effect inside the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many transmembrane proteins are receptors allowing chemical signals that cannot enter the cell to be recognized and produce an effect inside the cell this is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many transmembrane proteins have ____ that can indicate their function |
|
Definition
| recognizable amino acid sequences |
|
|
Term
| Many receptors have _- transmembrane domains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The receptors for transmembrane domains are: |
|
Definition
| Alpha helices: G-protein receptors |
|
|
Term
| Many sugar transports have ___- transmembrane domains |
|
Definition
|
|
