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| partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen. |
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| chemical reaction in which there is a transfer of one or more electrons |
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| Electron Carrier in Respiration. (product of Glycolysis and citric acid cycle) |
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| what usually follows electrons in a biological redox rxn |
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| enzyme that removes a pair of hydrogen atoms from the substrate, thereby oxidizing it. |
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| Electron carrier that receives 2 electrons from glucose after it is dehydrogenated. (reduced form of NAD+) |
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| consists of a number of molecules built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria in which the electrons fall from NADH to oxygen by a series of steps and release energy. ((RESPIRATION)) |
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| process which occurs in the cytosol, breaks glucose into two pyruvates. |
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| C02 is broken off pyruvate and coenzyme A is added, a NADH is also reduced by pyruvate in this step. |
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| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| phosphorylation of ADP to make ATP from the energy released in the redox reactions of the electron transport chain ((RESPIRATION)) |
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| Inner Membrane of Mitochondrion |
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Definition
| site of electron transport and chemiosmosis |
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| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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| accounts for almost 90% of ATP generated by respiration |
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| substrate-level phosphorylation |
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| ATP made from reactions in glycolysis and citric acid cycle. |
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| Substrate-level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| mode of ATP synthesis when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP rather than adding an inorganic phosphate. |
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| method by which pyruvate enters the mitochondrion. |
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| Part of photosynthesis that converts light energy to chemical energy |
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| Glucose synthesis part of photosynthesis |
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| electron acceptor in photosynthesis |
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| addition of a phosphate to ADP using light energy to phosphorylate it |
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| the initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds |
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| Products of light reactions and inputs of calvin cycle |
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| tissue in the interior of the leaf |
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| microscopic pores in mesophyll layer of leaf |
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| dense fluid surrounded by two membranes of the chloroplast |
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| third membrane system suspended in the stroma, made of sacs containing chloryphyll |
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Definition
| reaction center complex surrounded by several light-harvesting complexes. |
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| electron flow from photosystem II to photosystem I with electron transport chain between them |
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| uses photosystem I and cycles back to electron transport chain without involving photosystem II |
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| carbohydrate produced directly from the calvin cycle (not glucose) |
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| Five carbon sugar CO2 is attached to at the start of the calvin cycle |
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| Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO2 to the the five carbon sugar at the start of the calvin cycle |
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| first phase of the calvin cycle |
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Definition
| second phase of the calvin cycle |
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| third phase of calvin cycle |
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Definition
| converts ATP to cAMP in response to extracellular signal |
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