Term
|
Definition
| scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fundamental part of ecology; observations of orgs. by aristotle and darwin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how an organism's structure, physiology, and behavior meet challenges of the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analyzes factors that affect population size and how and why it changes over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examines how interactions between species affect community structure and organization; s.a. predation and competition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emphasizes nrg flow and chemical cycling btwn orgs and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| community of organisms in an area and the physical factors they interact with |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of populations of different species in an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of individuals of the same species living in an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| factors controlling exchanges of energy materials and orgs. across ecosystems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mosaic of connected ecosystems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examines how the regional exchange of energy and materials influences the functioning and distribution of orgs across the biosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum of all planets ecosystems and landscapes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms adapt to their environment over many generations through natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| min to min time frame of interactions btwn orgs and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of past and present distribution of species, in context of evolutionary theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| living; all organisms that are part of environment; predation, herbivory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-living; temperature, light, water, nutrients; all chemical and physical factors that influence the distribution and abundance of orgs.; temp water salinity sunlight rocks and soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of indivs from area of origin or centers of high pop density; contributes to global distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patterns on the global scale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| community of organisms under a fallen log |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cooler dry air descends absorbing moisture and producing a rain shadow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warm moist air goes to mountain, rises and cools and releases moisture on the windward side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
terrestrial and aquatic life zones
aquatic biomes are the largest part of the biosphere in area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
marine: 3% salt; 75%
freshwater: .1% salt
lakes, wetlands, rivers and streams, estuaries, intertidal zones, oceanic pelagic, coral reegs, marine benthic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper zone with sufficient light photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bottom zone; sand and inorganic and organic sediments little or no light
occupied by benthos who eat detritus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of benthic zone; 2000-6000m below surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of abrupt change; where sunlight no longer reaches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where temperature changes from warm to cold; brings oxygenated water from the surface to the bottom and nutrients to the top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oligotrophic: nutrient-poor O2 rich
eutrophic: nutrient rich, O2 poor
littoral zone: shallow, well-lit, close to shore
limnetic zone: inhabited by phytoplankton and cyanobacteria; heterotrophs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inundated by water some time
supports plants adapted to water saturated soil
low in dissolved O2; filter nutrients and chemical pollutants
draining and filling has destroyed up to 90% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shallow basins, filled in lakes/ponds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| develop along shallow and flooded banks of rivers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur along coasts of lakes and seas, include both freshwater and marine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nutrients increase as go towards mouth
rich in phytoplankton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transition area between river and sea
salinity varies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high O2 and nutrient levels; tide pools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oceans; high O2 levels, nutrient lower
covers about 70% of Earth's surface
photosynthetic plankton = half photosyn activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed from calcium carbonate
live in photic zone
require high O2 levels
corals=cnidarians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seafloor below surface waters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| event or human activity that changes a community; fires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plot of temperature and precipitation in a region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uppermost layer of the forest then the low tree layer the shrub understory ground layer and forest floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tropical forest, desert, savanna, chaparral, temperate grassland, northern coniferous forest, temperate broadleaf forest, tundra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
equatorial and subequatorial regions
200-400cm rain annually
dry forests: 150-200cm
temp:25-29 C
broadleaf evergreens domminant
epiphytes: bromeliads and orchids dominate trees
5-30 million species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
30 degrees n and s of equator
less than 30 cm pre year
may exceed 50 C and below -30C
low scattered vegetation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
30-50cm rain
warm year round 24-29C
scattered trees
fires are common
wildabeasts, lions, bison, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N. American name: midaltitude coastal region
aka matorra in spain and chile
garigue and maquis in S france
fynbos in S africa
30-50cm rain
10-12C temp and sometimes 30 and over 40C
shrubs and small trees, grasses, high diversity
deer and goats and amphibians
heavily settled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plains and prairies
seasonal rain in summer between 30 and 100cm
winter -10;summer 30C
grasses and forbs short
grazers
agriculture bc of fertile soil |
|
|
Term
| Northern Coniferous Forest |
|
Definition
largest biome
30-70cm rain sometimes 300+
cold winter warm to hot summer
-50-20C
pine spruce fir, etc;moose bear, tigers, insects
logging |
|
|
Term
| Temperate Broadleaf Forest |
|
Definition
midaltitudes in N hemi
70-200+cm rain
winter 0C summer 35C
vertical layers with a canopy shrub layer etc.
birds insects migrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
20% earth's land surface
high winds and low temps
20-60cm rain never over 100cm
-30-10C
permafrost restricts plant root growth
large grazing animals
oil extraction |
|
|
