Term
| Airway pressure release ventilation |
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Definition
| Mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle; on inspiration patient receives preset level of continuous positive airway pressure, and pressure is periodically released to aid expiration. |
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Term
| assist- control ventilation (A/C) |
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Definition
| mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient's breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume; in the absence of spontaneous breathing, the machine delivers a controlled breath at the preset minimum rate and tidal volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a chest tube and closed drainage system to re-expand the lung and to remove excess air, fluid, and blood |
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Term
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Definition
| manually cupping over the chest wall to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs. |
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Term
| chest physiotherapy (CPT) |
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Definition
| therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation,m, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles; types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration. |
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Term
| continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) |
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Definition
| Positive pressure applied throughout the respiratory cycle to a spontaneously breathing patient to promote alveolar and airway stability; may be administered with endotracheal or tracheostomy tube or by mask. |
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Term
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Definition
| mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator completely controls the patient's ventilation according to preset tidal volumes and respiratory rate' because of problems with synchrony, it is rarely used except in paralyzed or anesthetized patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| insertion of a breathing tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea |
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Term
| fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) |
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Definition
| concentration of oxygen delivered (1.0 = 100% oxygen) |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells |
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Term
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Definition
| method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help to patient inhale deeply and slowly and achieve maximum lung inflation. |
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Term
| intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) |
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Definition
| mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths and spontaneous breaths. |
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Term
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Definition
| a positive or negative pressure breathing device that supports ventilation and oxygenation |
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Term
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Definition
| partial or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space |
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Term
| positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) |
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Definition
| positive pressure maintained by the ventilator at the end of exhalation (instead of a normal zero pressure) to increase functional residual capacity and open collapsed alveoli; improves oxygenation with lower fraction of inspired oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| positioning the patient to allow drainage from all the lobes of the lungs and airways. |
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Term
| pressure support ventilation (PSV) |
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Definition
| mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient's inspiratory efforts; decreased work of breathing |
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Term
| proportional assist ventilation (PAV) |
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Definition
| mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient's inspiratory efforts; decreases the work of breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of gradual, systematic withdrawal or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, and oxygen |
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Term
| synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) |
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Definition
| mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator allows the patien to breathe spontaneously while providing a preset number of breaths to ensure adequate ventilation; ventilated breaths are synchronized with spontaneous breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical opening into the chest cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| indwelling tube inserted directly into the trachea to assist with ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical opening into the trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of massage administered by quick tapping the chest with the fingertips or alternating the fingers in a rhythmic manner, or by using a mechanical device to assist in mobilizing lung secretions. |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 1-2,3-5, or 6 L/min O2 % 23-30, 30-40,42
Advantages: Lightweight, comfortable, inexpensive, continuous use with meals and activity
Disadvantages: Nasal mucosangeal drying, variable FiO2 |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 1-6 L/min O2 % 23-42
Advantages: Inexpensive, does not require a tracheostomy
Disadvantages: Nasal mucosa irritation; catheter should be changed frequently to alternate nostril. |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 6-8 L/min O2 % 40-60
Advantages: Simple to use, inexpensive
Disadvantages: Poor fitting, variable FiO2, must remove to eat |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 8-11 L/min O2 % 50-75
Advantages: Moderate O2 concentration
Disadvantages: Warm, poorly fitting, must remove to eat |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 12 L/min O2 % 80-100
Advantages: high O2 concentration
Disadvantages: Poorly fitting, must remove to eat |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 1/4- 4 L/min O2 % 60-100
Advantages: More comfortable, concealed by clothing, less oxygen liters per minute needed than nasal cannula
Disadvantages : Requiers frequent and regular cleaning, requires surgical intervention |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 4-6, 6-8 L/min O2 % 24,26,28,30,35,40
Advantages: Provides low levels of supplemental O2, Precise FiO2, additional humidity available
Disadvantages: must remove to eat |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 8-10 L/min O2 % 30-100
Advantages: Good humidity, accurate FiO2
Disadvantages: uncomfortable for some |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 8-10 L/min O2 % 30-100
Advantages: Good humidity, comfortable, fairly accurate FiO2
Disadvantages: none |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 8-10 L/min O2 % 30-100
Advantages: Good humidity, comfortable, fairly accurate FiO2
Disadvantages: Heavy with tubing |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 8-10 L/min O2 % 30-100
Advantages: Good humidity, fairly accurate FiO2
Disadvantages: Bulky and cumbersome |
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Term
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Definition
suggested flow rate 10-40 mL/Breath Advantages: Deliver O2 only on inspiration, conserve 50- 75% of O2 used
Disadvantages: must carefully evaluate function individually |
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Term
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Definition
| is a decreased oxygen level in the blood resulting in decreased oxygen diffusion into the tissues. It maybe caused by hypoventilation, high altitudes, ventilation-perfusion mismatch, shunts in which the alveoli are collapsed and cannot provided oxygen to the blood, and pulmonary diffusion defects. It is corrected by increasing alveolar ventilation or providing supplemental oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| resulting from inadequate capillary circulation. It may be caused by decreased cardiac output, local vascular obstruction, low-flow states such as shock, or cardiac arrest. It is corrected by identifying and treating the underlying cause. |
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Term
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Definition
| result of decreased effective hemoglobin concentration, which causes a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. it is rarely accompanied by hypoxemia. Carbon monoxide poisoning, because it reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, produces similar effects but is not the same because hemoglobin levels may be normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a toxic substance, such as cyanide, interferes with the ability of tissues to use available oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why use incentive spirometry |
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Definition
| after surgery, especially thoracic and abdominal surgery, to promote the expansion of the alveoli and to prevent or treat atelectasis. |
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