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| Elemental building blocks of life |
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| How elements heavier than H and He are formed and returned to interstellar space |
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| Length of time it took for aggregation of planetesimals to form Earth |
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| 100 - 200 million years old |
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| Time frame when life first emerged on Earth |
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| 4.0 - 3.5 billion years ago |
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| First fossil about ___ years old resemble __________ |
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| Continent where oldest known fossils have been found |
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| Genetic changes that occur from one generation to the next |
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| Macromolecule that stores genetic information |
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| Macromolecule that acts as an intermediary in the process of protein synthesis |
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| 4 overlapping stages to understand the origin of life |
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1) Nucleotides and amino acids formed prior to existence of cells
2) Neucleotides polymerized to RNA and/or DNA and amino acids polymerized to form proteins
3) Polymers became enclosed in membranes
4) Polymers enclosed in membranes acquired cellular properties |
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| In th 20's, independently proposed that organic molecules like nucleotides and amino acids spontaneously arose on Earth |
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Alexander Oparin
John Haldane |
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| The spontaneous appearance of organic molecules formed a "_______ ______" |
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| Term meaning without life |
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| Feature of early Earth that allowed for the accumulation of organic molecules |
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Low Oxygen level (not oxidized)
No living organisms (not metabolized) |
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| The accumulation of orgnaic molecules in the early Earths oceans created what is now called the "______ ____" |
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| Based on geological data the atmosphere of the early Earth was rich in these four molecules |
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1) Water (H2O)
2) Hydrogen gas (H2)
3) Methane (CH4)
4) Ammonia (NH3) |
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| Hypothesis that states the four common molecules and lack of Oxygen in the early Earth atmosphere led to the rise of complex organic molecules from simple organic molecules through redox reactions |
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| Reducing Atmosphere Hypothesis |
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| In 1953, first conducted experiments to form organic molecules from early Earth atmosphere molecules |
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| Stanley Miller and Harold Urey |
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| Volcanic gas having more CO, CO2 and N2 than CH4 and NH3, and the fact that UV radiation destroys CH4 and NH3 led to this idea |
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| Neutral Earth (not a reducing atmosphere, can still make organic molecules) |
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| Hypothesis that organic Carbon was delivered to Earth through asteroids and comets, as meteorites |
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| Extraterrestrial hypothesis |
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| In 1988, proposed the Deep-Sea Vent Hypothesis |
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