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Broilers
part of Poultry Science Test 2
133
Agriculture
Undergraduate 2
03/30/2017

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Cards

Term
Broiler management is about...
Definition
minimizing stress; you want the energy to go to growth and development
Term
Slow growing broiler
Definition
gains 50g or less per day
Term
Bird activity is positively correlated with...
Definition
light intensity
Term
The company gains a ______ by going “antibiotic free”
Definition
premium
Term
Avian influenza damaged the turkey industry in ______
Definition
Minnesota
Term
amount of muscle in a chicken vs. rate of growth in the chicken
Definition
The more muscle you get in a chicken, the slower the growth occurs
Term
some poultry related companies that don't have operations in Georgia
Definition
Mountaire Farms and Peco Foods don’t have operations in GA
Term
GA is number 1 in ______ eggs
Definition
hatching
Term
The change in how broilers are marketed is ______ driven
Definition
consumer
Term
what is done to antibiotics in chicken feed prior to processing?
Definition
Prior to processing, antibiotics and such are removed from the feed
Term
You gotta manage the bird to get this potential
Definition
its full genetic potential
Term
Chickens can’t really control their own body temperature until this age
Definition
10-14 days
Term
Basic needs of broilers
Definition
-Clean and abundant feed
-Clean and good quality water
-Temperature
-Air quality
-Protection from disease
Term
Occasionally, some birds that should have been culled get left there because...
Definition
they’re so close to processing
Term
how the catching of broilers is done
Definition
by hand
Term
where you want the energy in broilers to go
Definition
you want the energy to go to growth and development
Term
Housing broilers is about...
Definition
minimizing stress and providing the optimum environment
Term
some problems with older broiler houses
Definition
Older houses are leaky; greatly affected by environment
Term
something about the ventilation in modern broiler houses
Definition
Modern houses have ventilation blowing air outward such that it wants to rush in thru inlets; we control where it rushes in
Term
Dark period allows broilers to...
Definition
-rest
-not eat
-produce melatonin
Term
The building of wider houses is driven by...
Definition
cash flow
Term
broiler house dimensions with maximum cash return per foot
Definition
about 54 x 500 ft.
Term
the floor in a broiler house
Definition
packed dirt covered with bedding
Term
some things other than wood that can be used as shavings in a broiler house
Definition
peanut and rice hulls
Term
Built up litter can help birds...
Definition
develop immunity
Term
Bedding provides...
Definition
insulation and cushioning
Term
one function of bedding other than providing insulation and cushioning
Definition
Bedding is a sponge.
Term
Standard depth for bedding in a broiler house
Definition
for shavings, it's about 3 inches; gotta go deeper with hulls
Term
The way broilers are fed today minimizes ______ waste
Definition
water
Term
Processing plants want uniform ______ among broilers
Definition
body weight
Term
a problem with pancake brooders that were used for brooding way back when
Definition
they are very ineffecient
Term
Uniform temperature in a broiler house could be a bad thing because...
Definition
not all chicks prefer the same temp
Term
relationship between temperature and moisture holding capacity
Definition
For every 20 degree increase in temp, you 2bl your moisture holding capacity
Term
this thing about temperature allows you to cut down on moisture in the house
Definition
For every 20 degree increase in temp, you 2bl your moisture holding capacity
Term
what circulation fans are often used for
Definition
moving warm air to cooler areas; this makes the operation more efficient and better for the birds
Term
these can be used to mitigate the problem with hot air being concentrated towards the roof
Definition
It seems attic inlets can be used to mitigate the problem with hot air being concentrated towards the roof
Term
Too much moisture provides perfect environment for ______
Definition
microbes
Term
Most of the heat birds produce is from...
Definition
metabolic heat
Term
which works better? tunnel ventilation systems or individual fans?
Definition
Tunnel ventilation systems work better than individual fans
Term
type of broiler house we visited
Definition
environmentally controlled; dark houses; solid sidewall tunnel vent
Term
dimensions of the broiler house we visited
Definition
50 x 500
Term
some equipment in the broiler house we visited
Definition
-controllers
-watering system
-feeding system
-brooding system
-cooling/ventilation system
-lighting system
Term
controllers used in broiler houses
Definition
Tortronics 3000 or Evolution 3000

controls most everything
Term
watering system used in broiler houses
Definition
drinker tip system; big ace drinker
Term
feeding system in broiler houses
Definition
-feed pans
-auger system
Term
amount of feed held in auger system
Definition
36,000 lbs
Term
this is used to predict amount of feed in auger system
Definition
sonar
Term
brooding systems used in broiler houses
Definition
half house brooding
full house brooding
Term
cooling/ventilation systems used in broiler houses
Definition
-power ventilate
-cool cell circulating system; temp controlled; uses evaporative cooling
Term
type of cooling used in cool cell circulating system
Definition
evaporative cooling
Term
lighting system used in the broiler house we visited
Definition
mostly LED at half a foot candle
Term
when the LED lights in the broiler house are full bright
Definition
days 1-11
Term
when the LED lights in the broiler house are at half a foot candle
Definition
day 11 to catch
Term
number of chickens in the broiler house we visited
Definition
about 28,500
Term
age of birds in the broiler house we visited
Definition
about 53 days
Term
market body weight for broilers
Definition
about 6.5 lbs
Term
mortality in the broiler house we visited
Definition
4%
Term
feeding program in the broiler house we visited
Definition
-starter
-grower
-finisher
Term
vaccination program at the broiler farm we visited
Definition
in hatchery and on farm at ~day 18 thru eyes and nostrils
Term
some diseases of concern in the broiler industry
Definition
-AI
-ALT
-dermatitis
Term
use of back-up generator on the broiler farm we visited
Definition
runs fans to keep birds alive; most run off of diesel fuel
Term
dead bird disposal at the broiler farm we visited
Definition
-euthanize
-primarily pit
-composting
Term
the top broiler companies
Definition
-Tyson
-Pilgrim’s
-Sanderson Farms
-Koch
-Wayne Farms
Term
What are some of the top turkey producing states?
Definition
-MN
-NC
-IN
-AR
Term
the two largest turkey companies
Definition
-Butterball
-Jennie-O
Term
Georgia is #1 in
Definition
-Broilers
-Peanuts
-Pecans
-Blueberries
Term
What are the top primary breeder operations?
Definition
-Cobb
-Avigen
-Hubbard
Term
ACRB
Definition
Athens-Canadian Random Bred
Term
where are the ACRB broilers housed?
Definition
UGA’s research farm
Term
Is there a difference in the supply tissues (heart, lung, liver) as a percent of body weight when comparing ARCB to the modern broiler?
Definition
higher percent in the 1957 broilers
Term
the broiler producers job is to minimize...
Definition
stress
Term
trend in broiler live weight over the past 40 years
Definition
increased
Term
trend in broiler feed efficiency over the past 40 years
Definition
improved
Term
trend in broiler percent mortality over the past 40 years
Definition
decreased
Term
basic needs for broiler management
Definition
-clean and abundant feed
-clean and good quality water
-air quality
-protection from disease
Term
poikilothermic
Definition
body temp varies with outside temp; basically cold blooded
Term
homeothermic
Definition
same body temperature regardless of outside temperature; basically warm blooded
Term
When is homeothermic obtained in broilers?
Definition
between 10-14 days, depending on breed
Term
Brooding temperature of air
Definition
95F
Term
Brooding temperature of floor
Definition
90F
Term
What are some issues with dropped curtain housing?
Definition
-leakage
-laborious
-poor bird environment
-higher energy usage (more so with propane than with electricity)
Term
What pan is the most important in the feeder line to monitor?
Definition
the one at the end of the feeder line, right where the motor is
Term
why is the pan at the end of the feeder line where the motor is important?
Definition
because the motor at the end of the feeder line activates when the feed level in the pan at the end gets low enough
Term
What might be added to this pan to ensure that birds visit the pan at the end of the feeder line?
Definition
light, often an LED light or spot light so that birds will come to it more
Term
the top broiler companies
Definition
-Tyson
-Pilgrim’s
-Sanderson Farms
-Koch
-Wayne Farms
Term
What are some of the top turkey producing states?
Definition
-MN
-NC
-IN
-AR
Term
the two largest turkey companies
Definition
-Butterball
-Jennie-O
Term
Georgia is #1 in
Definition
-Broilers
-Peanuts
-Pecans
-Blueberries
Term
What are the top primary breeder operations?
Definition
-Cobb
-Avigen
-Hubbard
Term
ACRB
Definition
Athens-Canadian Random Bred
Term
where are the ACRB broilers housed?
Definition
UGA’s research farm
Term
Is there a difference in the supply tissues (heart, lung, liver) as a percent of body weight when comparing ARCB to the modern broiler?
Definition
higher percent in the 1957 broilers
Term
the broiler producers job is to minimize...
Definition
stress
Term
trend in broiler live weight over the past 40 years
Definition
increased
Term
trend in broiler feed efficiency over the past 40 years
Definition
improved
Term
trend in broiler percent mortality over the past 40 years
Definition
decreased
Term
basic needs for broiler management
Definition
-clean and abundant feed
-clean and good quality water
-air quality
-protection from disease
Term
poikilothermic
Definition
body temp varies with outside temp; basically cold blooded
Term
homeothermic
Definition
same body temperature regardless of outside temperature; basically warm blooded
Term
When is homeothermic obtained in broilers?
Definition
between 10-14 days, depending on breed
Term
Brooding temperature of air
Definition
95F
Term
Brooding temperature of floor
Definition
90F
Term
What are some issues with dropped curtain housing?
Definition
-leakage
-laborious
-poor bird environment
-higher energy usage (more so with propane than with electricity)
Term
What pan is the most important in the feeder line to monitor?
Definition
the one at the end of the feeder line, right where the motor is
Term
why is the pan at the end of the feeder line where the motor is important?
Definition
because the motor at the end of the feeder line activates when the feed level in the pan at the end gets low enough
Term
What might be added to this pan to ensure that birds visit the pan at the end of the feeder line?
Definition
light, often an LED light or spot light so that birds will come to it more
Term
in broiler production, water is important for monitoring...
Definition
bird uniformity
Term
why you want to see water consumption increase daily
Definition
because water is important for monitoring bird uniformity
Term
Why are wider houses desireable in broiler production?
Definition
Better bottom line
Term
What is a typical, modern broiler house dimensions?
Definition
54 X 500 ft
Term
what the floors are under the shavings in broiler houses in the US
Definition
packed dirt
Term
what the floors are under the shavings in broiler houses overseas
Definition
concrete
Term
What is the function of attic inlets?
Definition
ventilation; seems to mitigate the problem with hot air being concentrated towards the roof; also seems to lead to drier litter
Term
what is the goal of minimum ventilation in broiler houses?
Definition
Bring air across the ceiling to increase its temperature and drop it to the floor on the birds.
Term
What is temperature stratification in the broiler house?
Definition
the increase in temperature as you go from floor to ceiling
Term
Where is the temp the highest in the broiler house?
Definition
ceiling
Term
what circulation fans do in broiler houses
Definition
Circulation fans on the house moves hot air off the ceiling and into cooler parts of the house.
This keeps the house temperature more consistent and decreases energy bill.
Term
the effect of tunnel ventilation on the chickens
Definition
Tunnel ventilation increases heat removal from the body and lowers body temperature.
Term
What is the advantages of using bedding?
Definition
-provides insulation and cushioning
-acts as a sponge
Term
What are some different bedding sources?
Definition
-cedar wood
-peanut hulls
-rice hulls
Term
for every ______ degree increase in temperature, the moisture holding capacity (humidity) is cut in half
Definition
20
Term
for every 20 degree increase in temperature, the moisture holding capacity (humidity) decreases by...
Definition
half
Term
relationship between temperature and moisture holding capacity (humidity)
Definition
for every 20 degree increase in temperature, the moisture holding capacity (humidity) is cut in half
Term
For every 1 F cooling increases relative humidity by...
Definition
2.5%
Term
For every ______ cooling increases relative humidity by 2.5%
Definition
1°F
Term
10 F degree cooling increases humidity by...
Definition
25%
Term
______ degree cooling increases humidity by 25%
Definition
10°F
Term
What is an advantage of having multiple silos at the same farm/house?
Definition
-allows you to feed one diet completely before you start your next
-having enough feed storage
-able to feed house if you have to clean out the bin infected with fungus or mycotoxin
Term
What are some engineering advancement that are now common in the modern broiler house?
Definition
-Drop ceiling
-Tunnel ventilated (Negative pressure)
-Evaporative cooling systems
-Solid side wall (More air tight)
-Heater and fans operated by controller
Term
What are migration fences?
Definition
fences in the broiler house used to make the bird density in the house more uniform
Term
When can migration fences be used to to increase the efficiency of production in the house?
Definition
during cold weather
Term
Where does the majority of heat in the house come from?
Definition
the birds themselves
Term
What two physiological mechanisms are used by the birds to dissipate body heat?
Definition
-convection as radiant heat
-evaporation heat loss from respiration
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