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| Someone who is suggested to be involved in a crime who is either guilty or not guilty. If guilty they are convicted. |
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| are government bodies established by legislation to regulate or oversee a particular activity that requires specialized knowledge. |
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| refers to the body of law that is concerned with the regulation of business and other activities by government, including the rules created and applied to government agencies and their decision-making powers. |
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| is any government body (even if it is called something else) that has a decision-making function. |
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| standard of proof in civil (as opposed to criminal)law that one version of events is more probable than the other |
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| Beyond a Reasonable Doubt |
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| standard of proof that the prosecutor must meet in a criminal trial in order for the prosecutor to be found guilty |
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| requirement that a certain party prove a particular fact at trial |
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| another way to refer to private law; concerned with the private relations of individuals |
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| system of law where all rules are established in statute and courts lack authority to act without a statute; judges in civil law systems are not bound by the doctrine of precedent and have the freedom to interpret statutes independently of previous decisions; another way to refer to “private law” |
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| system of law that recognizes court decisions with the same force of law as statutes, where statutes mean what courts interpret them to mean and where courts have the authority to make law where no legislative statute exists and to establish precedent |
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| supreme law that establishes the basis upon which all other laws are created |
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| rules established by the federal government that govern the standard of acceptable behaviour in society, the breach of which results in fines and imprisonment |
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| all aspects of the state in a commonwealth nation; the Monarch is the symbolic embodiment |
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| losses suffered as a result of the commission of a tort or a breach of contract, or monetary compensation awarded for those losses |
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| party who is sued in a lawsuit |
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| rule that establishes that where there is a conflict between federal and provincial law, the federal law will prevail and, where it conflicts, the provincial law will be inoperative |
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| principle requiring that a rule set out by a court in a decided case be applied to a new case |
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| branch of government at both the federal and provincial levels responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws made by the legislative branch |
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| Federal System of Government |
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| system whereby law-making powers are divided between the federal and provincial governments according to subject matter |
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| courts at the federal and provincial levels responsible for interpreting and applying the law passed by the legislative branch; also responsible for determining that law is valid within the authority set out in the Constitution |
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| process whereby a court reviews the decision of an administrative tribunal |
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| term used to describe judges, collectively |
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| authority to make or enforce the law |
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| Legal Risk Management Plan |
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| plan that allows businesses to take action to prevent or reduce loss |
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| branch of government at both the federal and provincial levels that has the power and responsibility to pass legislation |
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| constitutional convention that holds the legislative branch of government supreme over the other branches, thus allowing new legislation to override judge-made law |
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| party who commences a lawsuit (the party who is suing) |
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| rules that govern the relationship between individuals (including corporations) where there is no government involvement |
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| rules created by the executive branch of government that have the force of law |
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| breaking of a rule contained in a statute that can result in fines or other penalties but is not a criminal offence |
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| legal principle that every person has equal rights before the law and that the law is supreme; it safeguards citizens from arbitrary actions of government |
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| principle encompassing the right to be heard, the right to hear the case against you, and the right to reply to the case; also known as fundamental fairness |
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| degree to which a party must convince a judge or jury that the allegations are true |
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| principle that requires judges to follow decisions of higher courts in similar cases |
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| rules that establish rights and limit |
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| beyond the level of power of a government or corporation |
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| rules that govern the relationship between individuals (including corporations) and government |
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