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The Father of Genetics and what he studied |
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Gregor Mendel
Studied simple genetics crosses using pea plants |
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Today, much of the genetic gains have been through the use of what?
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Entire genetic material for an organism. |
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, alphabet for all genetic code. |
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Discrete units of organized DNA inside nucleus |
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Units of DNA that are transcribed on a chromosome, smallest unit of inheritance. |
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Alternate form of the same gene. |
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having two copies of genetic material (pairs of chromosomes, alleles, etc) |
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One copy of genetic material (gametes). |
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The oocyte or sperm cell (haploid DNA) |
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the genetic make-up of an individual |
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The appearance of an animal |
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an allele that masks the expression of other alleles |
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an allele that is masked by other more dominant alleles, only expressed when homozygous |
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An allele or gene that is not completely dominant over others; typically an intermediate phenotype. |
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having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
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having two different alleles at a gene locus |
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The location of a gene on a chromosome. |
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Discrete trait controlled by one gene or a few genes (horns, coat color, eye color) |
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measurable trait controlled by many genes (birth weight, feed efficiency). |
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a difference in the DNA sequence at a specific location in the genome |
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Two tasks of animal breeding |
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Definition
1. Selection of parents
2. Set up mating system |
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What are the 4 breeding methods? |
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1. Inbreeding
2. Out Breeding
3. Cross breeding
4. Random mating |
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Production of offspring by parentes more closely related than the average of the breed; both parents have a common ancestor |
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defined mating of individuals less closely related than the average of the breed. |
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mating without regard to relationship; includes random assignments of females to more than one male. |
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mating two different animals from pure stock; use very different breeds to take advantage of the best traits of each. |
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degree to which a trait is predictably transmitted from parents to offspring. |
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