Term
|
Definition
| dev't of breasts (age 10-12) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which boob is usually larger? |
|
|
Term
| Release of estrogen and progesterone by ovaries |
|
Definition
| What causes the breasts to dev't? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thelarche is controlled by ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percocious puberty is a ? malfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much of the breast tissue is fat? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| underarm fossa containing lymph nodes, lymph drainage channels, blood vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
subcutaneous fat
mammary or glandular layer
retro mammary fat |
|
Definition
| What are the three layers between the skin and pectoralis major musle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what layer contains the functional portion of the breast and supporting or stromal layer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parenchymal layer has ? lobes separated by fat/fibrous tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each lobe contains lobules, how many lobulees within each breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many ducts are in each lobule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ends of acini form small units called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nearly ALL pathologic processes that occur in breast occur in the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue and fat? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What maintains shape and structure of the breast? |
|
|
Term
| suspensory (cooper's) ligmaments |
|
Definition
| Stretching of the ? causes sagging? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What structures are made up of pigmented squamous epithelium? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the small bumps (sebaceous glands) on the areola called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The base of the nipple is surrounded by a circular band of smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Longitudinal smooth muscle fibers are? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Areterial supply that feeds the central, medial half of the breast, pec major and minor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arterial branch that feeds the upper outer portion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much more blood does the arterial supply of the upper breast get over the lower half? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? migrate to axillary, intercostal and internal thoracic veins, hence lung involvement and skeletal involvement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 35-year-old with a 3-year history of progressive upper-extremity and fascial swelling. The patient had hx of breast Ca . CT scan shows a narrowed superior vena cava with adjacent calcified lymph nodes and posterior soft tissue thickening, what is the best differential? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? innervates the superior half of latissimus dorsi m |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? supplies the serratus anterior m |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three nerves that supply the skin of the medial surface of upper arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What drainage route drains most of the breast? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What portion of the breast has no functional breast tissue? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ovoid,
Ovoid, hypoechogenic rim with fatty hilum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What lies in the supero-lateral chest wall and upper arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The superficial layer of muscle contains? |
|
|
Term
| pec minor, subclavius, clavipectoral |
|
Definition
| deep layer of muscles include? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the male breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the primary function of the breast? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ductal system proliferates under the influence of ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolactin is controlled by the ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? suppresses milk production |
|
|
Term
| hypothalamus, pituitary gland |
|
Definition
| Oxytocin is produced by ? and secreted by ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What happens to the density of brasts post menopause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Asian and japanese women have ? density of the breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no more than 3 mm in thickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Skin
Nipple
Areola
Suspensory ligament extensions
Subcutaneous fat
-make up what layer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nipple and areola attenuate sound <> than the surrouding breast tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What depends on body habitus, age, parity and hormonal status? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fat lobules in breast are ? reflectors and display darker than the glandular tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fatty breast = ?-reflective = not good for ultrasound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coopers ligaments are hypo/hyper reflective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functional breast tissue, glandular, lactiferous
ducts and interconnecting tissues
include TDLU's
-what layer of breast is this? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sits anterior to chest wall
Pectoral Muscles
Ribs
-this breast layer is ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in post menopausal women, ducts, lubules and glandular tissue ? |
|
|
Term
MLO= medial lateral oblique
CC = cranial caudal |
|
Definition
| What are the two positions of mammo test |
|
|
Term
Under 35 years of age
Implants
Pregnant or lactating
Men
Suspected abscess, open wound
Axillary symptoms
Suspected benign process present |
|
Definition
| Reasons to get an ultrasound instead of mammo |
|
|
Term
Palpable lump
Further investigation of Mammographic finding
Insufficient mammogram due to location of lesion
For interventional guidance |
|
Definition
| Reasons to do both mammo and US |
|
|
Term
Suspected silicone implant leak
Defining presences of multifocal lesions, metastatic lesions
High risk women with below adequate mammographic imaging i.e. VERY dense breasts or Scarring from previous surgeries |
|
Definition
| Reasons for whole breast US |
|
|
Term
Pain
Diffuse nodularity
No clinical abnormality and negative mammography |
|
Definition
| Ultrasound is not done for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Optimal transducers are ? frequency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? of malignancies have multiple focal lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| more than one quadrant/breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? lesions push planes apart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A duct is considered dilated when the measurement is >? mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What measurement defines the skin as thickened? |
|
|
Term
| Round/spherical, oval, ellipsoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smooth, lobulated, encapsulated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| well defined, well circumscribed |
|
Definition
| Margin definition of benign |
|
|
Term
| anechoic, slightly hyporeflective, hyper/isoreflective |
|
Definition
| Internal reflectivity of benign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reflectivity pattern of benging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Through transmission of benign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wider than taller, horizontal or round, parallel to chest wall |
|
Definition
| Depth-width ratio of benign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cyst is defined as asymptomatic, tender, round/oval, anechoic with through transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cyst is defined as asymptomatic, tender, irregular thick wall, hypoechoic w/o transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cyst is defined as a result of surgical or accidental trauma with palpable anechoic mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cyst is defined as a palpable mass during pregnancy or lactation, anechoic with fat-fluid level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What cyst is defined as smooth, superficial palpable mass, anechoic with through transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What benign neoplasm is asymptomatic, firm, rubbery, mobile, wider than taller, macrolobulated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What benign neoplasm is palpable, firm, mobile, rapidly enlarging, contains cystic spances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What benign neoplasm results as nipple discharge, small solid mass within cyst or dilated ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What benign neoplasm is soft, mobile, compressible, asymptomatic, isoechoic |
|
|
Term
| Invasive ductal carcinoma |
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm is hard, fixed, palpable, skin changes, speculated mass, posterior shadowing |
|
|
Term
| Invasive lobular carcinoma |
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm causes breast thickening, irregular borders with heavy posterior shadow and asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
| Colloid (mucinous carcinoma) |
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm is soft, causes skin changes, hypoechoic, microlobulated, well defined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm is discrete, mobile, rapidly enlarging, hypoechoic, round |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm causes nipple discharge, palpable mass, solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm is hard, round, mobile, rapidly enlarging, hypoechoic masses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What malignant neoplasm causes mastitis, increase in tissue echogenicity and skin thickening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malignant shape and contour |
|
|
Term
| irregular, infiltration, spiculated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant margin definition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant internal reflectivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant reflectivity pattern |
|
|
Term
| reduced, central shadowing |
|
Definition
| malignant through transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant compressibility |
|
|
Term
| taller than wider, vertical, perpendicular to chest wall |
|
Definition
| malignant depth to width ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breast cysts occur in _-_% of women in reproductive years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peak breast cysts occur in age _-_? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Does HRT affect breast cysts? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What lower the risk of dev'p breast cysts |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic and diagnostic |
|
Definition
| What are two reasons to aspirate a cyst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Milk filled retention cyst, dev'p in pregnancy or lactation, palpable nodule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common benign solid breast tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most commonly diagnosed breast tumor in women younger than 30 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arise from TDLU, grow profusely, bilateral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common non-epithelial tumors, rapidly grow, usually benign, mid 40's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What presents with firm, mobile, well circumscripbe, rapidly enlarging, hypervascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presents as slow growing, fatty soft tissue throughout the body, hyperechoic, asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symptoms: fullness, tenderness, pain varying with cycle, vague nodulatity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is benign breast disease (unilateral, bilateral) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| women in mid to late 30's most affected |
|
|
Term
| increased density, decreased sensitivity |
|
Definition
| what happens to the density and sensitivty on mammography for BBD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ultrasound has a ? sensitivity in dense breast tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benign Breast Disease has what type of appearance on US |
|
|
Term
| hyperechoic with no posterior shadow |
|
Definition
| microcystic disease has ? tissue with ? shadow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual and blusters of riny (2-3mm) are seen; small calcification sometimes seen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease shows cysts and ductal ectasia (dilation), some with echoes within that appear solid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symptom: nipple discharge, bloody discharge, disrupts architecture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single intraductal papilloma lesions appear subareolar and are found in ? patietns whereas multiple papilloma lesions are on the periphery and found in ? patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seen in adolescence, dilated ducts with echoes within that are papilloma made up and look like swiss cheese |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intraductal papilloma are/aren't seen on mammo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slightly hypoechoic, solid mass within duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 20-50% of women in reproductive years, peak in 40-50's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| duct obstructions with fluid accumulation in a localized spot, HRT doesn't affect, oral contraceptives shown to reduce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most likely the culprit of a palpable lump |
|
|
Term
| theraputic and diagnostic |
|
Definition
| two reasons a cyst would be aspirated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| milk filled retention cyst, dev'p in pregnancy/lactation, palpable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| well-defined, internally complex cyst, high fat content of fluid gives hyoerechoic echo texture, cyst with distal dilated duct |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most commonly diagnoised breast tumor in women younger than 30
most common benign solid breast tumor |
|
|
Term
| TDLU's due to hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| fibroadenoma's arise from ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grows rapidly, exceeding 10cm, bilateral, arise from TDLU's, well circumscribed, hyperechoic margin, hypoechoic internal margin, through transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| who are affected by giant fibroadenoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rare, benign, make up .3% of breast tumors, mid 40's, rapidly growing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| firm, mobile, well-circumscribed, non-tender, rapidly enlarging, oval shapped with smooth margins, hypervascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common, 1% population, slow growing, fatty soft tissue throughout body, asymptomatic, palpable, mobile, well defined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| overgrowth of glandular, adipose and fibrous tissue, 30+ yrs, well circumscribed, septated |
|
|
Term
| tubular or lactating adenoma |
|
Definition
| containing acini that are packed together, predominately epithelial lesions |
|
|
Term
| pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) |
|
Definition
| rare, premenopausal women, abnormal cell groth due to progesterone stimulation, palpable painless mass, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outgrowth of blood supply, too heavy of a metabolic demand, tenderness, fixed |
|
|
Term
| radial scar/sclerosing lesion |
|
Definition
| asymptomatic, cellular proliferation and hyperplasia, adenosis around a fibro-elastic center, architectural distortion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most are staphylococcal infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periareolar mastitis affects what types of patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? mastitis (less common) associated with diabetes, rhumatoid arthritits, steroid tx, or trauma |
|
|
Term
| Lymphocystic Lobulitis (Diabetic Mastopathy) |
|
Definition
| rare autoimmune reaction, occurs in insulin dependant diabetes, palpable central mass, ill defined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hematoma will have internal echoes but ? through transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue growth at trauma site, oval, homogeneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement with or w/o loss of cortico-hilar differentation, corticol thickening, prominent but normal looking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two types of malignant breast disease |
|
|
Term
| classifications of malignant |
|
Definition
| asymmetric thickening, unilateral pain, localized, non-cyclic, discharge from single duct and blood stained, unilateral nipple retraction, skin changes |
|
|
Term
| non-invasive in situ disease |
|
Definition
| 15-20% of breast maalignancies are ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from the epithelium in the ducts, more prevelenat in the younger population of reproductive years, multifocal, bilateral, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central ducts, retroareolar, with serous or bloody discharge, focal solid lesion w/in lumen of duct, non-invasive if stay within ducts, 90% 5 yr survival rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evidence of LCIS and DCIS, seen with radial scar, middle aged women, slow growing, hypoechoic, irregular shape, central shadow, taller than wider |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rare, slow growing, older women, cells floating in extracellular mucin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rapidly growing, increased association with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 75% are not in the previous types of carcinomas, 70% palpable masses, 36% seen on mammo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Why is Invasice Ductal Ca called NST |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solid lesion, irregular margins, possible microcalcifications, halo or hypoechoic rim, dense, posterior shadow |
|
|
Term
| invasive lobular carcinoma |
|
Definition
| 2nd most common invasive carcinoma, 12-15% breast cancer, bilateral, full mastectomy result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when malignancy is suspected, nodes are greater than ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when is a lymph node considered abnormal? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple tumors in same quadrant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple lesions within the same breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? % of breast cancer malignancies have ipsilateral multifocal/multicentric disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ?% of breast cancer are bilateral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 70-80% of breasts implants are done because? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ?% are used to correct congenital or traumatic deformity and for reconstruction following mastectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breast impants were first used in ? year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single or double lumen: silicone gel or saline encapsulated in silicone shell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single or double lumen: inner silicone-filled lumen and smaller outer saline filled lumen |
|
|
Term
| prepectoral, retropectoral |
|
Definition
| most cosmetic impants are ? but there is also a ? |
|
|
Term
| No documented increase risk of cancer or neurological or autoimmune disorders |
|
Definition
| are there any risks of implants for cancer or autoimmune disorders |
|
|
Term
| No speed artifacts with saline |
|
Definition
| What is the benefit of saline implants? |
|
|
Term
| well-defined, hyperechoic |
|
Definition
| implant surface (well-defined, ill-defined) and (hypoechoic, hyperechoic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the fibrous capsule seen separetely from the implant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? contraction presents as pain, hardness, tension or squeezing sensation, reduced mobility, disfigurement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Possibly results from a pronounced immune response to a gel bleed
›50% of older implants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mimics malignancy-hypoechoic with central shadowing |
|
|
Term
| Silicone Granuloma (siliconoma) |
|
Definition
Collection of silicone within breast tissue
›Caused by rupture or gel bleed
Hyper-reflective lesion, similar to lipoma but with a snow-storm affect posterior |
|
|
Term
| Silicone Granuloma (siliconoma) |
|
Definition
Collection of silicone within breast tissue
›Caused by rupture or gel bleed
Hyper-reflective lesion, similar to lipoma but with a snow-storm affect posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| >2/3 of implants age 10-20 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| silicone is outside the implant but contained within the fibrous capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| silicone is found outside of the fibrous capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extracapsular has what type of US appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Step ladder appearance
Free floating implant shell |
|
|
Term
| Lymph nodes affected with silicone are hyperechoic with “snowstorm” and posterior shadowing |
|
Definition
| What happens to lymph nodes of a silicone leak |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the gold standard for diagnosing patients with implants |
|
|
Term
| Hypoechoic fat with hyperechoic connective tissue within |
|
Definition
| What does the male breast look like on ultrasound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
40% of all male breast disorders
Simple hyperplasia of breast parenchyma
Imbalance in the effects of estrogen and testosterone on the breast tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increased estrogen or decreased androgen levels
Enlargement due to subareolar duct development and surrounding tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyperplasia of ductal epithelia and myoepithelial tissue
◦Hypoechoic area, deep to nipple, irregular, ill-defined and spiculate. Normal fat distorted |
|
|
Term
| intermediate gynocomastia |
|
Definition
? phase-seen histologically, change in ducts, and fibrosis of surrounding tissue
◦Hypoechoic mass deep to nipple, heterogeneous tissue, may have shadowing, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar to normal female breast tissue, usually not tender, hard mass felt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male breast disorder of Soft, round/oval palpable mass, hyperechoic mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a male cyst is complex, it is more likely to be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1700 diagnosed cases in US annually
67 yrs old average
BRCA2 mutations in 4-14% |
|
|
Term
| Invasive Ductal Carcinoma IDC |
|
Definition
| Most common type of male breast cancer is ? occuring in 93.7% of cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Focal mass, spiculate, hypoechoic, posterior shadowing, disrupt planes.
Can be well-circumscribed, slightly hypoechoic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? is gold standard for screening, surveillance and symptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tissues that attenuate the signal more have a ? atomic number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ? atomic number = ? attenuation and hence are more black, sub q and fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Denser the tissue, ? attenuation, ? on film |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protons and magnetic field aligns with the scanner’s field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically ? show strong focal enhancement, rapid contrast uptake and early washout, usually opposite with ? |
|
|
Term
| Radionuclide Imaging (RNI) |
|
Definition
| Demonstrates biochemical tissue characteristics and gives info regarding functional changes associated with disease processes |
|
|
Term
| Scintimammography Imaging (RNI) |
|
Definition
| Helps find multicentric or contralateral disease, in assessing tumor response to chemo, and sensitive to disease reoccurrence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collection of radionuclide activity into in multiple planes, producing discrete cross-sectional slices of the patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Duel head gamma camera, detects simultaneous detection of pairs of gamma rays, when positrons combine with electrons
Allows detection of the location of the emitting radionuclide to within 3 mm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes that receive the initial lymphatic drainage from a tumor site are known as the ?, can be multiple |
|
|
Term
| sentinel node localization |
|
Definition
| Detects the presence of tumor in lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most common sites for breast metastases is ?? and ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Introducer needle placed, “?” the nodule, Bx needle will pass through this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Needle needs to be ? to chest wall all times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| puncture of chest wall into lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Usually patient follow-up done via phone the next day to assure no complications |
|
Definition
| How are breast bx follow ups usually addressed |
|
|
