Term
| Cancers are most commonly found at |
|
Definition
| the periphery of the parenchyma |
|
|
Term
| ___________ are the supporting framework of the breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatty tissue ______ with increasing age in women. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main blood supply for the breast is supplied through the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Accessory breast tissue may be found along the ___, which extends from the axilla to the inguinal region. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TDLU is comprised of ____________ |
|
Definition
| the terminal duct and acini |
|
|
Term
| ____________ lies immediately below the skin surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The retromammary space lies immediately anterior to the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph nodes are found only in the axillary region of the breast (T or F) |
|
Definition
| False - lymph nodes may be found scattered anywhere in the breast |
|
|
Term
| Each segment of the breast is called a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most cancers occur in _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The terminal duct is also the site of most benign breast conditions (T or F) |
|
Definition
| True - just as in cancers, the terminal duct is also the site of most benign breast lesions |
|
|
Term
| The duct itself is lined with _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ are found in the areola |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The portion of the breast that extends into the axilla is called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The average size of the milk duct is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of lobes in each breast ranges between |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breast tissue extends medially from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the average women, the breast lies between the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breast is composed of fatty and _____ elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ ducts lead to the nipple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ causes the ductile system to grow and branch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three levels of lymph nodes |
|
Definition
1 - lateral acillary nodes
2 - medial nodes behind the pectoralis minor
3 - infraclavicular medial to the pectoralis minor |
|
|
Term
| Another name for the nipple is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _____ also supply blood to the breast |
|
Definition
| lateral thoracic arteries |
|
|
Term
| Fatty tissue may also be referred to as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collectively, the lobular units of the breast are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The three layers posterior to the pectoralis major muscle are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ also drain the mammary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lateral border of the breast is usually the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nipple and areola contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the smallest funcional unit of the breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breast will ____ during pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is considered a congenital anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-menopausal changes are also called ______ changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast maturity occurs with _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphatic vessels generally follow the same course as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The internal mammary artery is a branch off of the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph vessles have what in common with the veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ALND (axillary lymph node dissection) removes the level II and III nodes. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| False - the surgery removes level I and II nodes |
|
|
Term
| The skin is composed of _____ layers |
|
Definition
| Two - epidermis and dermis |
|
|
Term
| _____ may be seen posterior to the areola and nipple. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin thickness is usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for the subcutaneous fat layer is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ is located between layers of connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is generally considered a benign condition found in as many as 50% of the female population |
|
Definition
| fibrocystic disease (changes) |
|
|
Term
| A layer of _____ surrounds the entire mammary gland. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is another congenital anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ther are 25-30 lactiferous ducts draining the lobes (T or F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The breast parenchymal pattern is considered _____ on ultrasound. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List four indications for breast US |
|
Definition
* palpable mass
* new density on mammogram
* f/u to prior surgery
* guidance for cyst aspiration or biopsy |
|
|
Term
| Describe the patient position for a lateral palpable mass |
|
Definition
| supine affected side rolled up, ipsilateral arm raised |
|
|
Term
| describe the patient position for a medial palpable mass |
|
Definition
| supine with ipsilateral arm raised |
|
|
Term
| A complete patient history should include: (6 things) |
|
Definition
1. family history
2. previous breast surgeries
3. Grava
4. Para
5. onset of menses
6. history of hormone or birth control usage |
|
|
Term
| Nipple retraction may be a secondary sign of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical observations should include: (4 things) |
|
Definition
1. breast size
2. skin changes
3. moles or previous surgery scars
4. nipple inversion |
|
|
Term
| A classic clinical sign of a malignant mass is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microcalcifications are easily imaged with sonography. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| false - mammography is the modality of choice for microcalcifications |
|
|
Term
| An anechoic smooth-walled mass meets the ultrasound criteria for a _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A smooth-walled mass with internal echoes and a lobulation meets the ultrasound criteria for a______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the critical factors in assessing a mass for malignancy is the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bloody nipple discharge is usually an indication for ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Solid lesions on mammo are often termed ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Solid lesions on ultrasound are usually _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ has a medium gray appearance on both mammo and ultrasound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibroglandular tissue has a(n) _____ appearance on ultrasound |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The side marker is always placed _____ in mammo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which acronym describes the movement of a lesion on the straight lateral view of a mammo? |
|
Definition
| MULD (medial up, lateral down) |
|
|
Term
| The term, CC, describes the _____ view in mammo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A commonly used method of annotation compares the breast to ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transducer position is termed either ______ or ______ in most exams. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ describes the area immediately posterior to the nipple |
|
Definition
| retroareolar or subareolar |
|
|
Term
| Placing the patient in an oblique position with the arm raised has what effect of the breast tissue? |
|
Definition
| flattens the tissue over the pectoralis muscle |
|
|
Term
| It is always important to image the breast in _____ planes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A superficial lesion can sometimes be best imaged with the use of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the sonographic criteria for a simple cyst. |
|
Definition
1. smooth, thin walled
2. anechoic
3. posterior enhancement |
|
|
Term
| Name the sonographic criteria for a fibroadenoma. |
|
Definition
| smooth, heterogeneous, wider than tall |
|
|
Term
| Name the sonographic criteria for a malignant lesion. |
|
Definition
| irregular borders, hypoechoic, no through transmission, taller than wide |
|
|
Term
| Spiculation of a mass often indicates ______ |
|
Definition
| tumor extension into the breast |
|
|
Term
| A normal lymph node has a central ____ which represents the fatty hilum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which governing body has established imaging classifications and guidelines? |
|
Definition
| ACR, American College of Radiology |
|
|
Term
| Thick echogenic borders is an indication of a malignancy. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| True - thick echogenic halo indicates infiltration into adjoining breast tissue |
|
|
Term
| Three or more lobulations are an indication of a benign process. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| False - three or fewer lobulations is an indication of a benign mass |
|
|
Term
| A single malignant characteristic excludes a nodule from being classified as benign. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| True - any question of a mass characteristic needs careful follow up |
|
|
Term
| Ductal ectasia is defined as ______. |
|
Definition
| any dilatation, distention or expansion of the ducts |
|
|
Term
| A benign mass will demonstrate ______ vascularity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spectral doppler waveform is a representation of the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a measurement of the speed of the blood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Power Doppler is angle dependent. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| False - power doppler is more sensitive to flow because it is not angle dependent |
|
|
Term
| Skin thickening can be due to both a benign and malignant process. (T or F) |
|
Definition
| true - this entity can occur with both processes (mastitis, inflammatory carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| A benign process _____ the tissue planes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignancy _____ the fascial planes of the breast. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ribs appear as ____ structures posterior to the pectoralis muscle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ refers to the relative brightness of the echoes within a structure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignant masses usually display a _____. |
|
Definition
| heterogenous echo pattern |
|
|
Term
| The best transducer type to use for breast imaging is _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A standoff pad may be necessary to assist in imaging a superficial lesion because of the _____. |
|
Definition
| inherent focal zone does not allow adjustment |
|
|
Term
| It is important to turn the transducer ____ to confirm the presence of a mass. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gynecomastia is defined as ______. |
|
Definition
| non-neoplastic enlargement of the male breast |
|
|
Term
| The disruption of a fascial plane by a mass raises suspicion for _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are microcalcifications located in a breast cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the baseline tissue used for comparison of echogenicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BI-RADS is an abbreviation for what criteria? |
|
Definition
| Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System |
|
|
Term
| A mass with angular contours raises suspicion for ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior enhancement is seen with what pathology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A solid mass with well-circumscribed margins suggest: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What feature increases suspicion for malignancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common palpable mass in a pregnant woman is a(n) ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the risk factors for male breast cancer. (4) |
|
Definition
1. estrogen therapy
2. Klinefelter's syndrome
3. cirrhosis
4. radiation exposure |
|
|
Term
| An irregular mass on a mammogram or sonogram would fit into which BI-RAD category? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Choose the sonographic border characteristic seen with a benign lesion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fremitus is used to locate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it beneficial to zoom a mass while scanning in real time? |
|
Definition
| helps with border inspection |
|
|
Term
| Immobility of a mass indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A simple breast cyst would fall into which BI-RADS category? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mass described as spiculated would refer to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A spiculated mass with calcifications would fall into which BI-RADS category? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An echogenic halo is seen with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A non-compressible mass with posterior shadowing is most likely to be a ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sonographic term best describes the increase in intensity seen behind a cystic structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertical axial orientation of a solid mass suggests: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A reniform mass with a hypoechoic cortex found in the axilla is most likely a(n) ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sonographic term best describes the artifact that produces a dark area posterior to a structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Linear hypoechoic shadows extending posterior from the edges of a rounded structure describes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List malignant sonographic characteristics (5) |
|
Definition
1. spiculation
2. halo
3. tissue disruption
4. vertical axis
5. tissue plane disruption |
|
|
Term
| List benign sonographic characteristics (5) |
|
Definition
1. anechoic
2. wider than tall
3. oval shape
4. macrolobulations
5. growing within tissue planes |
|
|
Term
| Supernumerary nipples are located on the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tail of Spence is located in the ____ quadrant of the breast. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arterial blood flow to the breast is supplied by the: |
|
Definition
| internal mammary and lateral thoracic |
|
|
Term
| The normal sonographic appearance of a breast lymph node includes: |
|
Definition
| reniform shape, hypoechoic cortex, echogenic hilus |
|
|
Term
| Axillary lymph node dissection is done as part of which procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the smallest functional unit of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the fibrous plane sequence from posterior to anterior for the breast. |
|
Definition
1. pectoralis major
2. retromammary space
3. mammary zone
4. subcutaneous fat |
|
|
Term
| Cooper's ligaments serve what function in the breast? |
|
Definition
| provides framework for the breast |
|
|
Term
| What breast tissue layer is not consistently seen with sonography? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pectoralis muscles appear as ____ structures. |
|
Definition
| bright echogenic linear striations |
|
|
Term
| Radiopaque and echogenic both describe anatomy that is ___ on both the mammographic and the sonographic image. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sonographic image labeled Lt 6 ocl 2C would be located in which part of the breast? |
|
Definition
| deep in the left breast inferior to the nipple |
|
|
Term
| A sonographic image labeled RT UOQ 1000 8cm is located: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Echo-palpation is used to: |
|
Definition
| located palpable regions for scanning |
|
|
Term
| An oval structure posterior to the breast with shadowing is most likely: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which condition is a congenital anomaly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The marker is placed at which location for a MLO mammographic projection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The marker is placed at which location for the CC mammographic projection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mammographic and sonographic reference point for lesion localization is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The average size of the milk duct is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The number of lobes in each breast is between: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involutional breast changes are the result of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Axillary lymph node dissection is the removal of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____ is part of the radical mastectomy procedure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The terminal duct lobular unit is composed of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Color or power Doppler is useful in identifying ducts because: |
|
Definition
| there is no flow in the duct |
|
|
Term
| Another cancer that is important to include in the breast history is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Previous biopsy and surgery scars are noted becuase: |
|
Definition
| changes are produced on the mammogram |
|
|
Term
| Which modality is best for breast cyst identification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microcalcifications are seen best on a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All non-neoplastic structural alterations of the breast parenchyma are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An oval, anechoic mass with posterior enhancement and thin regular walls is a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A galactocele would have what sonographic characteristics? |
|
Definition
| oval, homogenous, smooth margins |
|
|
Term
| The most common premenopausal benign tumor is a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Papillomas have similar clinical symptoms as a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the sonographic appearance of a lipoma |
|
Definition
| mobile, compressible, isoechoic |
|
|
Term
| Gynomastia is defined as: |
|
Definition
| hypertrophy of the male breast |
|
|
Term
| A fat/fluid level can be seen with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A benign condition that often appears as a malignant appearing mass is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a carcinoma is described as being in-situ this means: |
|
Definition
| it is contained within stroma |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics are found with invasive ductal carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| spiculated borders, hypoechoic, no compression |
|
|
Term
| Multicentric lesions are ____ to the primary breast carcinoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A proliferative fibroadenoma is also known as a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast cancer metastasizes to the _____ first. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammatory carcinoma has what effect on the skin of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Overgrowth of the breast acini and the TDLU is termed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ductal ectasia is ductal prominence in the _____ region. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause for a simple cyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would cause a breast cyst to produce a complex sonographic appearance? (4) |
|
Definition
milk of calcium crystals
hemorrhage
milk
infection |
|
|
Term
| What technique parameter can be adjusted to cause debris within a cystic structure to move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cystic structure seen just below the skin in the inframammary fold raises suspicion for a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A stand off pad is useful in imaging ____ lesions in the breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common cause of bloody nipple discharge is a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hyperechoic mass within a duct is probably a(n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age does fatty replacement of the breast begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does fatty replacement of the breast affect sound characteristics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male breast cancer is usually located in the ______ region. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the most common cancer to metastasize to the breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common malignancy of the breast is a(n): |
|
Definition
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| Puerperal mastitis is due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Granulomatous mastitis is due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonpeurperal mastitis is due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mastitis sign is seen both clinically and sonographically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An abscess is due to complications of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A complex fluid filled mass with an irregular shape that is tender and red has the characteristic signs of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ are a complex mass of serous fluid that is a complication of surgery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the sonographic appearance of postoperative scarring. |
|
Definition
| focal architectural distortion |
|
|
Term
| Capsular contracture is found with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first node that drains a cancer |
|
|
Term
| Extracapsular rupture is located: |
|
Definition
| outside the breast prosthesis |
|
|
Term
| The retrograde injection of contrast into the breast ducts is called a(n): |
|
Definition
| galactogram or ductography |
|
|
Term
| List indications for prosthesis failure in augmentation mammoplasty: (4) |
|
Definition
1. change in appearance
2. lumps outside the prosthesis
3. burning sensation
4. tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similar fluid to the human body |
|
|
Term
| How do textured surface implants reduce contracture? |
|
Definition
| by preventing fibrous tissue formation |
|
|
Term
| The double lumen prosthesis contains: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The saline implant has what sonographic appearance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A noncontrast MRI study of the breast is done to image: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The large MRI cylinder magnet causes the cells to give off ____ waves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MRI post-contrast images show a(n)______ in radiolucency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Silicone granulomas have what characteristic sonographic appearance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A stepladder sign on a sonographic exam of a breast implant implies: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Silicone breast implants have what sonographic characteristic? |
|
Definition
| weak low level homogeneous internal echoes |
|
|
Term
| The double lumen breast prosthesis has ____ artifacts due to the lumens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A breast prosthesis can be located: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A submuscular implant is located: |
|
Definition
| below the pectoralis muscle |
|
|
Term
| One benefit to imaging the breast with an MRI is: |
|
Definition
| it gives a three-dimensional image |
|
|
Term
| The contrast material used in MRI imaging of the breast is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the patient positioned for an MRI study of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most important component of obtaining a good MRI image of the breast? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disadvantage of MRI imaging? |
|
Definition
1. high cost
2. lack of detection of some small calcifications
3. equivocal results |
|
|
Term
| What anatomic planes are used in MRI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A coronal MRI slice divides the body into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An axial MRI slice divides the body into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sagittal MRI slice divides the body into: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Combination views of MRI plane slices are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ describes the MRI appearance of a breast cancer post Gadolinium injection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common cause of breast implant failure is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mammographic sign of implant failure? |
|
Definition
| irregular capsule borders |
|
|
Term
| Irregular breast implant borders on the mammogram are due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Echo dense noise posterior to a mass in a patient with implants represents a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What MRI sign correlates with the sonographic stepladder sign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which modality is the best for diagnosing implant failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common complication after breast augmentation following a mastectomy is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A filling defect on a Galactogram is most likely a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an indication for a Galactogram? |
|
Definition
| bloody nipple discharge in a non-gravid patient |
|
|
Term
| Intracapsular rupture is located: |
|
Definition
| Inside the fibrous breast capsule |
|
|
Term
| Lymphoscintigraphy is also known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best angle to image the needle during a sonographic biopsy is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The biopsy needle is most visible when it is ____ to the chest wall. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Visualizing the biopsy needle is important to: |
|
Definition
| document sampling of the lesion and image anesthesia injection |
|
|
Term
| Inserting a thin needle into a lesion for a sampling of cells describes a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Removal of tiny thread-like samples of tissue is called a |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A pneumocystogram injects ____ into a drained cyst cavity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyst aspiration is performed to alleviate: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Needle localization involves placing a ____ into the suspicious mass. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A device that removes most of abnormal breast tissue using a vacuum is a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABBI is the abbreviation for: |
|
Definition
| Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation |
|
|
Term
| The speed of sound in soft tissue is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As low as reasonably achievable |
|
|
Term
| The frequency of sound used in diagnostic sonography is greater than ___ hertz |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A longitudinal wave moves ____ to the source. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Propagation is defined as: |
|
Definition
| a wave travelling through a medium |
|
|
Term
| propagation increases when ____ increases |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Wavelength is defined as: |
|
Definition
| the time it takes to complete one cycle |
|
|
Term
| Amplitude and intensity of the waveform are changed through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Attenuation is compensated through adjustment of which parameter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frequency is directly proportional to _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which transducer frequency would give the best image of breast tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Axial resolution is defined as |
|
Definition
| the ability to separate two reflectors parallel to the sound beam |
|
|
Term
| Lateral resolution is defined as: |
|
Definition
| the ability to separate two reflectors perpendicular to the sound beam |
|
|
Term
| What technical factor changes the lateral resolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is the optimal focus depth for breast sonography |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brightness of the total image |
|
|
Term
| The last technique parameter to adjust on the sonographic image is the: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Dynamic range is defined as: |
|
Definition
| the number of shades of gray the equipment can display |
|
|
Term
| The best method to produce optimal images is to: |
|
Definition
| scan perpendicular to the area of interest |
|
|
Term
| How would the depth be set to image a superficial breast mass on a small-breasted woman? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would a standoff pad be beneficial in imaging the breast? |
|
Definition
| when imaging superficial breast masses |
|
|
Term
| A breast cyst is described as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoechoic describes a lesion that is |
|
Definition
| a structure with lower level echoes than the surrounding tissue |
|
|
Term
| A lipoma in the breast would be described as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cooper's ligaments are described as being ___ to the surrounding tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Breast tissue is described as being ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heterogeneous describes a ___ mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An artifact is defined as: |
|
Definition
| an echo that does not represent anatomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a decrease of echoes posterior to the structure |
|
|
Term
| Reverberation is defined as |
|
Definition
| linear parallel echoes in the anterior wall |
|
|
Term
| Edge artifact is the result of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in reflection posterior to a structure is called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Doppler signal that is high pitched is traveling ____ the transducer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Doppler signal that is low pitched is traveling ______ the transducer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most important diagnosis that is confirmed by sonography? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best breast imaging modality for screening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Optimal imaging o fthe breast image with sonography requires ____ at the depth of the lesion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal ductal patterns of the breast correspond with ___ labeling of the image. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of a palpable lesion is aided by: |
|
Definition
1. placing a finger over the mass
2. placing the transducer over the finger and withdrawing the finger |
|
|
Term
| Color flow imaging confirms a mass is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Image labeling includes (6) |
|
Definition
1. patient information
2. exam date
3. right or left breast
4. o'clock location of the mass
5. distance from the nipple
6. palpable/nonpalpable indication |
|
|
Term
| Subcutaneous fatty tissue of the breast appears |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Echogenic bands seen in the fat of the breast are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glandular tissue is ____ to the fatty breast tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe sonographic characteristics of a cyst (5) |
|
Definition
1. round or oval
2. smooth, thin walled
3. posterior enhancement
4. edge artifact (shadowing)
5. anechoic |
|
|
Term
| Moving debris seen within the cyst is accomplished by |
|
Definition
| increasing output power, changing patient position |
|
|
Term
| What technique is used to ensure imaging palpable mass imaging? |
|
Definition
| Place a finger on each side of the mass and scan between the fingers |
|
|
Term
| Contrast-enhanced MRI is used to image: |
|
Definition
1. malignant breast masses
2. lymph node involvement
3. assessing scarring
4. primary tumor location
5. tumor staging
6. monitoring treatment |
|
|
Term
| The best diagnostic accuracy for DCIS is accomplished by using |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MRI enhancement can occur in what non-malignant breast lesions? |
|
Definition
| fibroadenoma, papilloma, inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important sign of malignancy on an MRI study? |
|
Definition
| enhancement with contrast |
|
|
Term
| The MRI salad oil sign refers to: |
|
Definition
| rupture of the inner lumen and the mixing of a saline and silicone in a double lumen implant |
|
|
Term
| The use of water-soluble contrast in galactography has reduced the chance of |
|
Definition
| mastitis or galactophoritis |
|
|
Term
| Bloody nipple discharge can be due to (5) |
|
Definition
| 1. chronic inflammation 2. intraductal carcinoma 3. invasive carcinoma 4. papilloma 5. papillomatosis |
|
|
Term
| Ductal ectasia occurs with (3) |
|
Definition
1. fibrocystic changes (FCC)
2. mastitis
3. secretory disease |
|
|
Term
| The most common site for accessory breast tissue is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What sonographic term best describes this mass?
a. complex
b. anechoic
c. hyperechoic
d. isoechoic
e. sonolucent
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tubular structures seen inferior to the nipple are:
[image]
a. vessels b. fatty tissue c. ducts
d. Cooper's ligaments e. fibrocystic changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
Joan is a 32-year-old nursing mother who presents to the imaging department with complaints of brest tenderness and reddening. She has been on a 10-day cycle of antibiotics with no change. The image indicates:
a. mastitis b. carcinoma in situ
c. abscess d. cyst
e. lipoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where is the abscess located?
[image]
A. left breast 9C B. Left breast 9B
C. right breast 9B D. Right breast 3B
E. Left breast 3B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A palpable, hard, non-mobile mass is located in the breast. The image below raises suspicion for a(n):
[image]
a. phyllodes tumor b. carcinoma
c. fibroadenoma d. seroma
e. fibrocystic changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What form of Doppler is imaged?
[image]
a. color b. spectral
c. power d. continuous wave
e. pulsed wave |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What artifact is demonstrated posterior to this cystic structure?
[image]
a. reflection b. decreased transmission
c. reverberation d. enhancement
e. shadowing
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Choose the term that describes the linear structures at the edges of the cystic structure.
[image]
a. refraction b. reverberation
c. reflection d. enhancement
e. shadowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the structure the arrow is pointing to.
[image]
a. carcinoma b. complex cyst
c. fibroadenoma d. cyst group
e. abscess |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ductal ectasia is seen with which disease process
[image]
a. mastitis b. trauma
c. fibroadenoma d. fibrocystic changes
e. phyllodes tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The sonographic appearance classifies this mass as:
[image]
a. malignant b. indeterminate
c. cystic d. benign
e. anechoic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Choose the possible differential for a palpable lump found at a post lumpectomy site.
[image]
a. radial scar b. seroma
c. abscess d. mastitis
e. scarring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the structure seen in the image
[image]
a. fibroadenoma b. carcinoma
c. lymph node d. phyllodes tumor
e. fibroadenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The mass borders would be described as:
[image]
a. Spiculated b. Encapsulated
C. A halo d. Fibrotic
E. Defined |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What terms describe the mass seen in the image?
[image]
A. Regular, hyperechoic, wider than tall
B. Irregular, hypoechoic, wider than tall
C. Irregular, hyperechoic, taller than wide
D. Regular, anechoic, taller than wide
E. Irregular, isoechoic, spiculated |
|
Definition
| B. Irregular, hypoechoic, wider than tall |
|
|
Term
What is the structure seen in the image?
[image]
A. Fibroadenoma B. Carcinoma
C. Fat lobule D. Cooper's ligaments
E. Pectoralis muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Choose the terms that best describe the mass.
[image]
A. Anterior shadowing, irregular borders, taller than wide
B. Posterior shadowing, refular borders, wider than tall
C. Posterior shadowing, irregular borders, taller than wide
D. Anterior tissue displacement, hyperechoic, wider than tall
E. Posterior tissue displacement, isoechoic, taller than wide |
|
Definition
| C. Posterior shadowing, irregular borders, taller than wide |
|
|
Term
Mary is a 55 year old that is 5 years post lumpectomy and radiation therapy for DICS. A palpable lump is felt and there is architectural distortion on the mammo. Choose the differential for this finding.
[image]
A. Lymphedema B. Abscess
C. Post op seroma D. Phyllodes tumor
E. Post lumpectomy scarring |
|
Definition
| E. Post lumpectomy scarring |
|
|
Term
This sonographic finding raises suspicion for:
[image]
A. Chronic fat necrosis B. Acute fat necrosis
C. Silicone granuloma D. Microcalcification
E. Macrocalcification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mary presents with complaints of bloody nipple discharge for 2 months. A mammo wasnt performed since she is only 30. What does the image indicate is the cause for her symptoms?
[image]
A. Fibroadenoma B. Galactocele
C. DICS D. Papilloma
E. FCC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The appearance of the breast implant indicates what type of filling material?
[image]
A. Silicone B. Saline
C. Soya D. PVP
E. Hydrogel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Annette is a 60 year old woman presents with persistent post-mastectomy swelling in the right breast. There are no symptoms of fever, redness, or tenderness. The following image suggests a:
[image]
A. Re occuring cancer B. Seroma
C. Abscess D. Mastitis
E. Phyllodes tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Classify this lesion with the BI-RADS method.
[image]
A. II
B. III
C. IV
D. V
E. VI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What term describes the anatomy seen on the MRI image?
[image]
A. Tortellini sign B. Snowstorm
C. Dirty shadowing D. Linguini sign
E. Enhancement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the pathology seen on the MRI image.
[image]
A. Extracapsular rupture B. Intracapsular rupture
C. Double lumen implant D. Single lumen implant
E. Silicone granuloma |
|
Definition
|
|
