endocrine

mammogenisis

development of mammary tissue and related structures

Lactogenisis I

-starts from 16-20 weeks of pregnancy

-beginning of secretory cellular activity

-accumulation of colostrum (from 10-12 weeks)

-switch from endocrine to autocrine control

-onset of copious milk production

-also known as galactopoesis 

-day 9- involution 

-hormone/steroid that increases during pregnancy

-stimulates lobular growth but suppresses secretory activity

-sensitizes cells to the effect of insulin and growth factors

-secreted by ovaries and placenta

-hormone increases during pregnancy

-stimulates ductular sprouting

-secreted by placenta and ovaries

-hormone secreted by placenta

-accelerate breast growth during pregnancy

-pregnancy hormone

-accelerates breast tissue growth

-can test in pregnancy tests

-form of estrogen

-sex hormone required for mammary growth and epithelial proliferation during pregnancy

-steroid hormones

-enhance formation of the lobules during pregnancy

-synthesized in the adrenal cortex

a specific kind of hormone

4 cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other

-hormone that increase during pregnancy and completes mammary gland growth

-secreted by anterior pituitary gland

-stimulates prolactin receptor sites on alveolar cell surfaces

-kept in check by progesterone and PIF (dopamine)

1. prolactin

2. hydro-cortizone

3. insulin

progesterone

estrogen

placental lactogen

citrate

alpha-lactalbumin

-placental retention

-too much fluid during labor

-type 1diabetes 

Feedback Inhibitor of Lactation

-small whey protein 

-slows milk synthesis when breast is full

region of the brain- main control center for nervous system

-regulates sleep, body temp, appetite and milk production

18.76 kcal/oz.

67 kcal/dl.

21 kcal/oz.

75 kcal/dl.

-cessation of milk production

-40 days after last breastfeeding

glandular/milk making tissue

-responsible for production, secretion, and transport of milk

structural parts of the breast

-connective tissue

-blood vessels

-nerves

-lymphatics

tosis

milk secreting cells

aka- secretory alveolar epithelium 

4th- runs from deep to superficial

-divides into 5 branches

-lateral branch most important

-located at 5 and 7 o'clock

also 5th and 6th

-congenital problem

-under development of breasts

severe constrictions

minimal breast base

very tubular

prolactin inhibiting factor

believed to be dopamine inhibiting prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland

1. prolactin- nipple growth

2. growth hormone

3. thyroid stimulating hormone

1. estrogen- ductal system

2. progesterone- lobes, lobules, and alveolar growth

3. HPL (human placental lactogen)- areolar growth

estrogen

progesterone

prolactin

insulin

oxytocin

cortisol

-needed in small amounts to make alpha-lactobumin

-high amounts= stress hormone, inhibits lactation

-increases blood pressure and blood sugar

-a whey protein

-encouraged by low cortisol levels

-helps make lactose

-HAMLET

-produced in posterior pituitary

-50-100m U needed to elicit MER

-increases chest temperature

-effects Mom's mood

-breast lump, similar to a cyst

-filled with milk

-round, freely moving

-usually happens after weaning

-may need surgical draining

-cancer visible on the nipple

-looks like eczema

-most common after menopause

Pathway 1= protein secretion

Pathway 2= lactose secretion

Pathway 3= milk fat synthesis

Pathway 4= monovalent ion secretion

Pathway 5= plasma protein secretion

-cellular post office

-processes and packages macromolecules, proteins, and lipids after they are made

-milk sugar

-indigestible by the infant but feeds a beneficial gut bacteria