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Brandon Micro
Brandon Micro
95
Microbiology
Professional
04/22/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Viral Causes of Encephalitis?
Definition
HSV-1, HSV-2, Rabies, ARBOVIRUSES!
Term
Protozoa that cause encephalitis?
Definition
Toxoplasmosis, T. Brucei (African Sleeping Sickness)
Term
Causes of Neonatal Meningitis?
Definition
Strep Agalactiae, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. Coli
Term
Causes of meningitis (around 6 months to 6 years of age)?
Definition
Strep Pneumoniae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Haemophilus Influenzae
Term
Causes of meningitis (6 years to 60 years of age)?
Definition
Neisseria Mening., Poliovirus, Strep Pneumoniae
Term
Causes of Aseptic Meningitis?
Definition
Coxsackie virus, Mumps Virus, Poliovirus
Term
Fungal cause of meningitis?
Definition
Crytococcus Neoformans
Term
4 diseases that result in pathology of axons/synapses?
Definition
C. Tetani, C. Botulinum, M. Leprae, Poliovirus
Term

CSF profile for types of meningitis:

 

1. Bacterial?

2. Viral?

3. Fungi?

Definition

1. Bacterial--> HIGH protein, LOW glucose, Presence of PMN's, Increased Pressure

 

2. Viral--> Slightly elevated protein, normal glucose, Presence of lymphocytes, normal pressure

 

3. Fungal--> Elevated protein, decreased glucose, presence of lymphocytes, increase in pressure

Term
One main cause of neonatal septic shock?
Definition
Strep Agalactiae
Term
Causes of septic shock?
Definition
E. Coli, Kleb. Pneumonia, Proteus Mirabilis, Pseudo. Aeruginosa, B. Fragilis, Staph Aureus, Strep Pyogenes
Term
Cause of Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Definition
Quit playing games with my heart, it's Strep Pyogenes.
Term
Viral Cause of Myocarditis?
Definition
Coxsackievirus Type B
Term
Protozoa that causes myocarditis?
Definition
T. Cruzi (Chaga's Disease)
Term
Bacterial causes of myocarditis?
Definition
Staph Aureus, E. Faecalis, C. Diphtheriae, Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
Term
Native valve (as opposed to a prosthetic valve) endocarditis can be caused by?
Definition
Strep Viridans, Strep Bovis, Strep Pyogenes, E. Faecalis, Strep Aureus, Strep Epidermidis
Term

Endocarditis (often tricuspid valve) usually due to IV drug use.....

 

Which bacteria are involved?

Definition
Staph Aureus, Streps, E. Faecalis, Pseudo Aeruginosa
Term
Fungal cause of tricuspid valve endocarditis? (also because of IV drug use)
Definition
Candida Albicans
Term
ACUTE endocarditis of a prosthetic valve?
Definition
Strep epidermidis, staph aureus, candida albicans
Term
Subacute endocarditis?
Definition
Strep (viridans, bovis, e. faecalis)
Term
Bacterial causes of pharyngitis/laryngitis?
Definition
Strep pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. diphtheriae
Term
Viral causes of pharyngitis/laryngitis?
Definition
Common cold viruses, adenovirus, RSV
Term
Bacterial cause of Otitis Externa?
Definition
Pseudo Aeruoginosa
Term
Causes of Otitis Media?
Definition

Strep Pneumoniae, H. Influenza Type B, Moraxella Cat

 

Strep Agalactiae--Neonates

Term
What causes epiglottitis?
Definition
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
Term

Bacterial Cause of Croup?

 

 

Definition
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae aka "Walking Pneumonia"
Term
Viral causes of Croup?
Definition
Parainfluenza, Influenza, RSV
Term
What are the four main causes of sinusitis?
Definition
Strep pneumoniae, H. Influenzae Type B, Moraxella Cat, Staph Aureus
Term
Causes of Rhinitis?
Definition

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Influenza C, Coxsackieviruses, Parinfluenza Virus

 

Basically,

 

Common colds, yo

Term

Bacterial causes of community-acquired pneumoniae?

 

(Hint:  There's a lot of them haha)

Definition
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Strep Pneumoniae, H. Influenzae Type B, Chlamydia Pneumoniae, Legionella Pneumophilia, Moraxella Cat, Staph Aureus, Nocardia, Mycobacterium TB, C. Psittaci
Term

Viral Causes of community acquired pneumonia?

 

(Hint:  There's not a lot of them)

Definition
Influenza Virus, RSV
Term
These guys are weird and cause atypical pneumonia?
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella Pneumophilia, Chlamydia Pneumoniae, Coxiella Burnetti
Term
HIV-associated Pneumoniae?
Definition
due to Pneumocystis Jirovecii, Mycobacterium TB
Term
What causes dental caries?
Definition
Strep Mutans
Term
Other than Hep A, B, C, D, E...what viral disease causes hepatitis?
Definition
YELLOW FEVER... (yellow, like jaundice, like Big Bird)
Term

Other Liver infections...

What causes...

 

Liver abscesses?

 

Hepatosplenomegaly due to a protozoa?

 

Helminth causing portal hypertension, esophageal varices, heptosplenomegaly, etc?

 

 

Definition

Liver abscesses--> E. Histolytica

 

Hepato due to protozoa--> Visceral Leishmaniasis

 

Helminth---> Schistosoma

Term
Biliary Tract Infection caused by THIS bacteria?
Definition
E. Faecalis
Term
Stomach Ulcers
Definition
H. Pylori
Term

Common causes of food poisoning....

 

1.  <6 hours of incubation?

 

2. <10 hours of incubation?

 

 

Definition

1. Usually Staph Aureus!!!.... but B. Cereus can also cause vomiting during this period

 

2. B. Cereus causes diarrhea during this period

Term
Causes of inflammation OR bloody diarrhea (primarily occuring in the large intestine or ileum)?  
Definition

Bacterial: Shigella, Salmonella Typhi (may spread), C. Jejuni, EHEC, EIEC, Yersinia Enterocolitica (may spread), C. difficile

 

Protozoa: E. Histolytica

Term
Small intestine infections resulting in watery like diarrhea?
Definition

Vibrio cholerae, ETEC (traveler's diarrhea), C. Perfinges, B. Cereus, S. Aureus

Viral: Rotavirus, Norwalk Virus (EXPLOSIVE), Adenovirus

 

Protozoa: G. Lamblia (fatty, stinky), C. Parvum

Term
What can cause glomerulonephritis?
Definition
Strep Pyogenes
Term
STDs, cause urethritis...
Definition
N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV
Term
Uncomplicated UTI's?
Definition
E. coli, Staph Saprophyticus
Term

Complicated UTI's..

 

(pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis... due to a catheter, calculi, other obstruction)

Definition
E. Coli, E. Faecalis, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Proteus Mirabilis
Term
Causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
Definition
N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis
Term
Vulvovaginitis caused by?
Definition
C. Albicans, T. Vaginalis
Term
Epididymitis caused by?
Definition
N. gonorrhoeae, C. Trachomatis
Term
Orchitis caused by?
Definition

MUMPS

 

(not Mumphress and Sons, nor Mumphrey's McGee)

Term
Nongonococcal urethritis caused by?
Definition
Chlamydia, Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Trachomonas Vaginalis, HSV-2
Term
Proctitis caused by?
Definition
Chlamydia, gonorrhoeae, HSV-1,2, Treponema Pallidum
Term
Some major causes of Proctocolitis/Enterocolitis?
Definition
C. jejuni, E. histiolytica
Term
Causes of PAINFUL cutaneous lesions of the genitals?
Definition
HSV-2 (vesicles), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)
Term
Type of lesion associated with syphillis?
Definition
Indurated lesion that is NOT painful
Term
Lymphogranuloma venereums caused by?
Definition
Chlamydia Trachomatis!!
Term

Warts caused by?

 

(Hint: 2 Diseases...)

Definition

HPV and Molluscum Contagiosum

 

(MC is a Pox-virus)

Term
Vaginal Candida albicans vs Trachomonas Vaginalis...
Definition

CA: itchy, white/clumped discharge

 

T. Vaginalis: itchy, yellowish discharge

Term
3 main causes of osteomyelitis?
Definition
Staph Aureus, Salmonella Typhi, P. Multicoda (via cat/dog bites)
Term
What causes septic arthritis?
Definition
N. gonorrhoeae, Staph Aureus, H. Influenzae
Term
What two things cause necrotizing fasciitis?
Definition
Strep pyogenes, c. perfringens
Term
What causes achy breaky muscles?
Definition
c. perfringes, staph aureus, T. Spiralis, T. Solium, Coxsackievirus B, Dengue Fever Virus
Term
What can cause cellulitis?
Definition
Strep Pyogenes, Staph Aureus, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Past. Multocida
Term
What can cause vesicles on the skin?
Definition
VZV, Smallpox, HSV-1,2, Coxsackie A
Term

What causes erysipelas?

 

(voice in the background:  what the heck is erysipelas?....) I don't know either, I'm going to google it right now

Definition
Strep Pyogenes
Term
Viral causes of rash?
Definition

VZV- dermatomal, "dew on a rose petal"

HSV 1,2- vesicular, mouth/eye/genitals

Coxsackie A- herpangia (hand-foot-mouth)

Smallpox- macules first on head, then extremities  (pus, then crust)

Molloscum Contagiosum- small pink, central dimple on trunk

Rubella- maculopapular begins on face, then to extrem's

Measles- starts at head, then to feet

HHV-6--> roseola (rash on trunk in babies)

Parvo Virus B19--> "slapped cheek" appearance

Term
Bacterial Causes of rash?
Definition

Strep Pyogenes- scarlet fever, on trunk then outwards

R. Ricketsii- Rocky Mt Spotted, first on palms/soles, then to trunk

R. Prowazekii- epidemic typhus..begins on trunk then spreads outward BUT spares the palms, soles, face

B Burdorferi- lyme disease- erythema chronicum migrans spreading annular red lesion surrounding clear bite mark

T. Pallidum- (secondary syphillis) maculopapular rash on palms and soles

Term
Cutaneous lesion of anthrax looks like...
Definition
Ulcerous lesion with blackened necrotic eschar
Term
Cutaneous lesion of F. Tularensis looks like...
Definition
papule forms and develops into ulcer with black base...ULCEROGLANDULAR (there is a swollen lymph node associated as well)
Term
Cutaneous lesion of Yersinia Pestis looks like?
Definition
"Ay, Boo-boo!!"  Not really, just a Buboe
Term
Cutaneous lesion of A israelli looks like?
Definition
"Sinus tracts" form through skin, muscle, bone, organs
Term
S. Schenckii, cutaneously, causes?
Definition
Ulcerating nodules
Term
This fungal infection causes inflammation, itchiness, pustules, and causes the skin to be scaley...a "Dermatophyte"
Definition
What is ringworm, Mr. Trebek?
Term
Protozoan that causes cutaneous or mucosal ulcers...
Definition
Leishmaniasis
Term
Cholera toxin (vibrio cholera) and LT toxin of E. Coli mechanism?
Definition

AB Toxin

 

B binds receptors on gut epithelium, A ADP ribosylates Gs, keeps adenylate cyclase active, increases cAMP

Term
Pertussis Toxin mechanism?
Definition
AB toxin BUT also cytotoxic toxins can kill respiratory epithelial cells
Term
Diphtheria toxin mechanism?
Definition

AB

 

B binds cell surface receptor, A ADP ribosylates EF-2 and inhibits protein synthesis

Term
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa toxin mechanism?
Definition
Very similar to diphtheria's toxin (A ADP ribosylates EF-2 and inhibits protein synthesis)
Term
Shiga toxin (Shigella and E. Coli) mechanism
Definition
binds 60S ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis
Term
C. Tetani's toxin mechanism?
Definition

Tetanospasmin...

 

cleaves synaptobrevin, blocks vesicle formation and release of inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine

Term
C. Botulinum toxin's mechanism?
Definition

Botulinum toxin

 

cleaves synaptobrevin, blocks vesicle formation and release of Ach

Term
Anthrax toxin mechanism?
Definition

3 proteins: PA, EF, LF

 

these work together to cause dermal necrosis

Term
Staph Aureus's TSST-1 induces release of these cytokines..
Definition
Il-1 and TNF
Term
What is an important exotoxin of Strep Pyogenes?
Definition
Erythrogenic Toxin
Term
Types of Hepatitis that can cause heptocellular carcincoma and cirrhosis?
Definition
Hep B, C, D...NOT A or E!!
Term

Diagnosis of Hep A?

 

Hep C?

 

Hep D?

Definition

A- anti-HAV IgM, IgG (these confer immunity)

 

C-  anti-HCV (does NOT confer immunity)

 

D- anti- HDV (does NOT confer immunity)

Term

Hep B:


Acute Infection?

 

Chronic Infection?

 

Convalescence?

 

Immunized?

Definition

Acute- HBsAg, Anti-HBcAg IgM

 

Chronic- HBsAg, Anti-HBcAg IgG

 

Convalescent- Anti-HBsAg, Anti-HBcAg IgG

 

Immunity- Anti-HBsAg only

Term
Which opportunistic infections are seen when a person has a CD4 T cell count of <200 cells/micro-l
Definition
C. Neoformans (meningitis), C immitis (pneumonia), P Jirovecii (pneumonia), C Parvum (diarrhea), T Gondii (encephalitis)
Term
In AIDS, when the CD4 T cell count gets below 50 cells/micro-l, you will see these extremely rare opportunistic infections...
Definition
M. avium intracellulare (lung, liver, bone infection), CMV (retinitis, esophagitis, colitis), H capsulatum (pneumonia)
Term
Basic features of Hep A:
Definition

picorna, +ssRNA, no envelope

 

oral-fecal

 

short incubation time (2-8 weeks)

 

There is a vaccine

Term
Basic features of Hep B:
Definition

Hepadnaviridae, dbsDNA, lipid envelope

 

transmitted via blood, sexual contact

 

long incuation time

 

treat- interferon

 

vaccine- YES, HbsAg

Term
Basic Features of Hep C
Definition

Flavi, (+)ssRNA, lipid envelope

 

blood, sexual contact transmission

 

long incubation time (2-24 weeks)

 

Treat- Interferon

 

NO vaccine

 

 

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