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Brain
exam 1
54
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
operationalization
Definition
way you chose to manipulate independent variable and measure dependent variable; the set up/procedure
Term
manipulation check
Definition
subjects fill out how they feel after to make sure it is what you are trying to manipulate (e.g. frustration
Term
research method:
laboratory/experimental
Definition
high internal validity (manipulate variables)
low external validity (not natural behavior)
Term
research method:
observational
Definition
observe in natural environment:
have to be sure to do everything the same way
labor intensive
lower in internal validity (no manipulation) high external validity
Term
research method:
field experiment
Definition
manipulate variable in real world:
maintain internal validity b/c controls variables
high external validity b/c people acting normal
Term
research method:
surveys
Definition
interviews etc:
can reach many subjects easily
inaccurate (people lie)
Term
research method:
experience sampling
Definition
get recordings of data in real time (e.g. notebook)
good external validity
but still self report
Term
research method:
clinical trials
Definition
assessments of therapy/medicine/etc
have to keep placebo groups unknowing
Term
research method:
archival
Definition
organize and code old data to answer new questions
won't stand alone
Term
research method:
quasi experimental
Definition
ind. variable naturally occuring (eg gender)
could have some other variable b/c not random assignment
threat to internal validity
Term
muscular distophy
Definition
breaking down in myelin sheath=random firings 1/2 way through neuron axon
Term
agnostic drugs
Definition
increasing neurotransmitting
Term
antagonistic drugs
Definition
stops neurons firing
Term
central nervous system
Definition
brain and spinal cord 99% nerve cells
Term
peripheral nervous system
Definition
somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Term
somatic nervous system
Definition
sensory nerves, skin/muscles to CNS and motor nerves
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
messages to/from internal organs (breathing/heart rate/digestion)
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
"fight or flight":
diolates pupils
increases lung capacity
strengthens heart beat
inhibits stomach/intestines
contracts blood vessels
weakens immune system
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
calms after danger:
contracts pupils
constricts bronchi
slows heart
stimulates stomach/intestines
violates blood vessels
Term
Phineas P. Gage
Definition
metal rod through chin and brain--lived but changed personality
idea of brain area specialization
Term
Broca's Area
Definition
patient only could say "tan"--left frontal lobe=language
Term
forebrain
Definition
cerebrum and diencephalon
Term
diencephalon
Definition
thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
thalamus
Definition
takes in sensory into and directs to higher level processing
Term
hypo-thalamus
Definition
"feeling, feeding, fighting, fucking"
impulse behavior
Term
amygadala
Definition
aggressive behavior and fear
Term
basal ganglia
Definition
motor movement (parkinsens disease)
Term
brainstem
Definition
midbrain, pons, medula
automatic functions
Term
hippocampus
Definition
memories, especially sensory and emotional
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
80% or neurons
right hemisphere controls left side body and vise versa
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
vision
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
hearing and complex vision
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
processes body information
Term
frontal
Definition
complex thought process
planned behavior, organization, learning
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
connection b/t two hemispheres of brain
epilleptics sever to stop random firing of neurons from transferring across hemispheres
Term
hemisphere specialization
Definition
left: language production, logic, symbols
right: spacial, creativity
Term
plasticity
Definition
neuron functions maluable. can use other pathways to compensate for skills lost.neurons can regenerate
Term
correlational research
Definition
examines relationships b/t variables
correlation is not causation
Term
3rd variable problem
Definition
could be another variable accounting for the relationship between two variables
Term
experimental research
Definition
regulated procedure manipulating variable
can determine cause
Term
random assignment
Definition
assignment of participants to groups by chance
reduce chance of preexisting differences affecting results
Term
independent variable
Definition
what the experimenter changes
Term
dependent variable
Definition
the outcome, changes due to independent variable
Term
experimental group
Definition
participants exposed to changed variable
Term
control group
Definition
treated like experimental group except not by variable
Term
external validity
Definition
degree to which an experimental design reflects the real world
can results be applied to real world?
Term
internal valididty
Definition
degree to which changes int he dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the ind. variable
Term
experimenter bias
Definition
experimenter's expectations influence the outcome
Term
demand characteristics
Definition
aspect of study that communicates desired results to participants
Term
research participant bias
Definition
behavior of participants is influenced by how they think they are supposed to act
Term
Institutional review board
Definition
established to evaluate ethical nature of research
Term
PET scan
Definition
metabolic charges in brain
measures glucose in areas of brain (=energy)
Term
MRI
Definition
creates magnetic field around people use radio waves, constructs images of tissues
Term
fMRI
Definition
shows whats happening in brain while working
changes in blood and oxygen
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