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| Two glands on the kidneys that are involved in physical and emotional arousal. |
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| A part of the limbic system that plays a role in emotion. |
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| The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the actions of internal body organs, such as heartbeat. |
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| Neuron branches that transmit messages to other neurons. |
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| The complex mass of neural cells and related cells encased in the skull. |
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| The brain and the spinal cord. |
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| Two rounded structures behind the pons involved in the coordination of muscle movements, learning, and memory. |
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| The largest structure in the forebrain, controlling conscious experience and intelligence and being involved with the somatic nervous system. |
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| Combining special x-ray equipment with sophisticated computers to produce multiple images or pictures of the inside of the body. |
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| Extensions of the cell body that usually serve as receiving areas for messages from other neurons. |
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| EEG (electroencephalogram) |
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Definition
| A measure of electrical brain activity; recording of the electrical activity of the brain obtained through electrodes placed on the scalp. |
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| The system of glands that secretes hormones. |
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| The parts of the brain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex, that cover the hindbrain and midbrain and fill much of the skull. |
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| The part of the cerebral cortex in the front of the skull involved in planning, organization, thinking, decision making, memory, voluntary motor movements, and speech. |
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| Cells that assist neurons by transporting nutrients to them, producing myelin sheath, and regulating the likelihood of transmission of messages across the synaptic gap. |
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| Glands that produce sex cells and hormones important in sexual arousal and that contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics. |
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Definition
| The lowest part of the brain, located at the base of the skull. |
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| The part of the limbic system that plays a role in memory and the processing of emotion. |
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| Chemical substances, produced by endocrine glands, that influence internal organs. |
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| The small part of the forebrain involved with motives, emotions, and the functions of the autonomic nervous system. |
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| Neurons in the central nervous system that connect other neurons. |
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Definition
| Endocrine cells in the pancreas that regulate the level of sugar in the blood. |
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Definition
| A complex brain system, composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex, that works with the hypothalamus in emotional arousal. |
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| The swelling just above the spinal cord within the hindbrain responsible for controlling breathing and a variety of reflexes. |
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Definition
| The small area at the top of the hindbrain that serves primarily as a reflex center for orienting the eyes and ears. |
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| MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging) |
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Definition
| Imaging technique using magnetic resonance to obtain detailed views of the brain structure and function. |
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Definition
| Insulating fatty covering wrapped around the axon that speeds the transmission of neural messages. |
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| Bundle of long neurons outside the brain and spinal cord. |
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| Large group of neurotransmitters sometimes referred to as neuromodulators, because they appear to broadly influence the action of the other neurotransmitters. |
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| Scientist that focuses on the nervous system in explaining behavior and mental processes. |
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Definition
| Chemical substances, produced by axons, that transmit messages across the synapse. |
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Definition
| The part of the cerebral cortex, located at the base of the back of the head, that plays an essential role in the processing of sensory information from the eyes. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| The part of the autonomic nervous system that promotes bodily maintenance and energy conservation and storage under nonstressful conditions. |
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Definition
| Four glands embedded in the thyroid that produce parathormone. |
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Definition
| The part of the cerebral cortex that is behind the frontal lobes at the top of the skull and that contains the somatosensory area. |
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| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| The network of nerves that branches from the brain and the spinal cord to all parts of the body. |
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| PET scan (positron emission tomography) |
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Definition
| Imaging technique that reveals the functions of the brain. |
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Definition
| The endocrine gland that is largely responsible for the regulation of biological rhythms. |
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Definition
| The body's master gland, located near the bottom of the brain, whose secretions help regulate the activity of the other glands in the endocrine system. |
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Definition
| The part of the hindbrain that is involved in balance, hearing. |
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| The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries messages from the sense organs to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles. |
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| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
| The part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body to respond to psychological or physical stress. |
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Definition
| Space between the axon of one neuron and another neuron. |
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Definition
| The part of the cerebral cortex that extends back from the area of the temples beneath the frontal and parietal lobes and that contains areas involved in the sense of hearing and understanding language. |
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Definition
| The part of the forebrain that primarily routes sensory messages to appropriate parts of the brain. |
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Definition
| Gland below the voice box that regulates metabolism. |
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