Term
| Day 18 of fetal development |
|
Definition
| nervous system forms out of ectoderm. Become neural tube |
|
|
Term
| Day 28 of fetal development |
|
Definition
| Neural tube forms fore, mid and hind brain regions. |
|
|
Term
| 3-4 weeks of in-utero development |
|
Definition
| primary neurulation: ectoderm and neural tube |
|
|
Term
| 3-4 months of in-utero development |
|
Definition
| neuronal proliferation. Birth of neurons in the brain. Yet to be assigned |
|
|
Term
| 3-5 months of in-utero development |
|
Definition
| neuronal migration: cells travel on astrocyte/micro-glia fiber, encountering chemicals which assign them to their specific working place in the brain. |
|
|
Term
| 5 months-postnatal development |
|
Definition
| Organization: axon development of neurons, full cell maturation, pruning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mylenation: strengthening of synapses, quicker communication, acquiring new skills. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very few and slow. As age progresses the number of synapses increases exponentially and become more efficient. Experencies of first year strengthen synapses and prune others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| newborns up to one year have the ability to decipher the differences in phonemes in different languages. Lose the ability after 1 year because they learn their own native language. |
|
|
Term
| Center for speech comprehension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Center of speech production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| word and sentence meanings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intonation and rhythm of speech |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Key component of language acquistion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that fire in response to an action and also upon observing of the same action when carried out by someone else. Also when read a sentence describing something. Located in Broca's area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reading intention: fire when observing something we expect to happen.
reading and feeling emotions and communicating them to others: seeing the look on others faces fire mirror neurons and allow for us to perceieve their reaction and emotion. |
|
|
Term
| Mirror Neurons and Autism |
|
Definition
| Autism may be accounted for by an inactive mirror neuron system. Explains the inability to understand other's emotions, language production and communicating. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the neurons ability to change, adapt or be molded. Early detection of autism can allow for intervention of neuron plasticity and increase chance of communication. |
|
|
Term
| Adolescence: brain maturation |
|
Definition
| 2nd wave/burst of neuron proliferation. Accounts for time of identity, emotions and maturity. |
|
|
Term
| First section of brain to develop in adolescence |
|
Definition
| Limbic system: hippocampus, amygdala. learning, memory, emotions, nucleus accumbus, behavioral responses |
|
|
Term
| Slower section to develop in adolescence |
|
Definition
| Frontal lobes: thinking, planning, attention, decision making, understanding consequences, social functioning. judgement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rod from accident severed the pathway of communication between the frontal lobes and limbic system. Resulted in volitile mood swings, loss of intuition, poor decisions, "thinking before speaking." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Network of neurons that active when we perform survival tasks or other things that pleasure us. Food, drink, sex, chocolate...anything. drugs |
|
|
Term
| Drug abuse and reward system |
|
Definition
| Drugs give the same feeling of euphoria as the reward system gives when performing a pleasurable task. Mask bad feelings. Reward system becomes overwhelmed and receptors are hidden making for larger and larger amounts of drugs needed to get a good feeling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nucleus accumbens recieves dopamine for pleasurable tasks, giving good emotional response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cocaines affect on reward system |
|
Definition
| cocaine bonds to dopamine and makes it linger longer in the synapses. longer feeling of euphoria |
|
|
Term
| Opiates affect on reward system |
|
Definition
| taps into endophines. blocks the release of inhibitory neurons for dopamine. |
|
|
Term
| Heroine and Nictoine effect on reward system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol affect on reward system |
|
Definition
| blocks inhibitory neurons from cleaning up or limiting dopamine |
|
|
Term
| Female brain in adutlhood |
|
Definition
| larger limbic system, frontal cortex, hippocampus. greater ability to remember details and language center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger amygdala and parietal lobes. higher concentration on emotinos including fear, anxiety, and stress. as well as spatial perception. |
|
|
Term
| Difference in male/female brains |
|
Definition
| due to steroid hormone stiumlation in fetal development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| memory development, problem solving skills, planning and inhibition-- peak performance |
|
|
Term
| Cannon-Bard theory of emotional perception |
|
Definition
| upon seeing something the brain/ neocortex processes the emotional response appropriately- travels to hippocampus where appropriate action is remembered- physical response to emotion- conveyed through thalamus back to neocortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Upon seeing something the physical response first reacts-- thalamus conveys message-- neocortex processes physical reaction--hippocampus remembers instances that relate to same. |
|
|
Term
| What do Cannon-Bard and James-Lange have in common |
|
Definition
| that the hypothalamus and neocortex affect one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| master regulator of mammal stress response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nerve cell signals adrenal gland to secret epinephrine.
----- increase glucose, heart rate, breathing, alertness, slow digestion and kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amygdala tells hypothalamus to release CRH which travels to the pituitary gland which releases ACTH to the adrenal gland which secrets cortisol. ---increase blood pressure, glucose, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cortisol after released appropriately returns to the hypothalamus and signals it to stop. Likewise when ACTH is released, it returns to hypothalamus to say stop. |
|
|
Term
| Effect of CRH on hippocampus |
|
Definition
| long term damage on hippocampus in CRH overdose causes hippocampus to not be able to calm hypothalamus which causes more CRH...endless cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression patients have high levels of CRH and cortisol in their system causing stress, fatigue, loss of apetite, depletion of sex drive and insomnia, chronic phobia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frontal cortex is less active while Area 25 is hyperactive. there is a break of communication between frontal cortex and limbic system which can account for aggression. |
|
|
Term
| Diffuse modulatory system in depression |
|
Definition
serotonie system- raphe nuclei
neroepinephrine system- locus coeruleus |
|
|
Term
| Melancholic unipolar depression |
|
Definition
| 40-50% of cases, bad in the morning, anorexia, insomnia |
|
|
Term
| atypical unipolar depression |
|
Definition
| 15% of cases, worse in the evening, overeating, oversleeping |
|
|
Term
| dysthmia unipolar depression |
|
Definition
| lasts over a period of years, mild |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| block the re-uptake or break down of serotine or neorepinephrine in the synapses. Linger feeling of good feelings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periods of depression interrupted by periods of mania. energy, motivation, creativity, psychosis, money binge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| balances the intensity of negative (depressed) and positive (manic) sides of bipolar depression. |
|
|
