Term
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Definition
Can't Make own food
ex. bunnies, people |
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Term
|
Definition
Eat Dead/ Rotting Organisms
ex. fungi/ bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Nitrogen Gas
Ammonia
Nitrite
Nitrate
Amino Acids/ Proteins |
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Term
| Bacteria That Fix Nitrogen |
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Definition
| Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Rotospirillium |
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Term
|
Definition
| An important nitrogen fixing bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
Hydrogen Sulfide
Sulfur
Sulfite
Sulfate
Amino Acids/ Proteins |
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Term
| Sulfur-Changing Bacteria Examples |
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Definition
| Thiobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Beggiatoa |
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Term
| Bacteria that do the sulfur cycle backwards (take amino acids and make Hydrogen Sulfide) |
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Definition
| Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Classification by what they look like
Shape, size, morphology |
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Term
|
Definition
Classifying with differences such as:
uses genetic material such as tRNA and rRNA
Composition of DNA
Differences in cell membrane lipid structure
Cell wall structure
Antibiotic Sensitivity |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
have nuclear membranes
cell walls if present are made of cabohydrates
Not sensitive to antibiotics
ribosomes are different |
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Term
|
Definition
Prokaryotic organisms
cell walls = peptidoglycan
no nuclear membrane
sensetive to antiobiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
Prokaryotic
cell walls not peptidoglycan
Extreme environments (halophiles, methanogens, hypothermophiles)
not sensitive to antibiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
| Its in cell walls of bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| strain with biochemical and physiological differences; diff proteins and enzymes |
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Term
|
Definition
stain with differences in shape and physical
there are strains that have color pigment or lack it |
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Term
|
Definition
| varient in prokaryotic strains due to antigen differences |
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Term
| Levels of Organization (starting with Domain) |
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Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus - Cap
species - lower case |
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Term
| Methods for Studying microbes |
|
Definition
Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification |
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Term
|
Definition
| taking a small sample, putting it on growth media |
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Term
|
Definition
| growing the sample under best circumstances |
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Term
|
Definition
| Separating microbes to form pure colonies |
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Term
|
Definition
| examining colonies and cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| putting them in the right groups so you can name them |
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Term
|
Definition
| term for small sample of a microbe |
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Term
|
Definition
| substance which contains nutrients for the growth of the inoculum |
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Term
|
Definition
| cloudiness in liquid media |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Fastidius Heterotroph Examples |
|
Definition
Legionella
Bordetella pertussis
Helicobacter pylori |
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Term
|
Definition
| lives in or on other living things |
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Term
|
Definition
Cannot survive outside a living thing
"Harder to catch" |
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Term
|
Definition
| A parasite that can survive outside a host |
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Term
|
Definition
process done by certain autotrophs
create methane gas |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Extreme dehydration (of a microbe) |
|
Definition
the microbe goes down to 20% water
(leaves them dormant) |
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Term
|
Definition
microbe that must have high salt levels
ex. Halobacterium |
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Term
|
Definition
| can tolerate salt levels (Halotolerent) |
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Term
| Facultative parasite/ halophile example. can stand extreme pH too, also saccrotolerent |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| needs high levels of sugar |
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Term
|
Definition
need low pH
ex. Helicobacter pylori, Euglena mutabilis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Methods of classifying growth media |
|
Definition
Physical types
Origin
Function |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Broth
Solid
Gel
Living Media |
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Term
| Media types based on origin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Nutrient
Enriched
Selective
Differential |
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Term
|
Definition
| Solid medium in a petri plate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Solid medium in a test tube |
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Term
|
Definition
used for examining viruses and microbes like syphilis and leprosy
ex. chick embryos and experimental animals |
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Term
| Natural Media / Nonsynthetic |
|
Definition
comes from natural sources, exact composition of the medium is not always known
Blod, tomato, animal extracts, milk agar |
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Term
| Synthetic Medium / Minimal medium |
|
Definition
Completely man made medium, composition strictly controlled
ex. Simmon's Citrate medium only has one sugar in it |
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Term
|
Definition
Grow fastidius heterotrophs
Heat labile - destroyed by heat
Blood agar, Thayer-Martin agar, Milk Agar |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General Purpose media examples |
|
Definition
Nutrient Agar/ broth
Brain Heart Infusion
Trypticase Soy Agar |
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Term
|
Definition
| buffer to maintain a constant pH in general purpose media |
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Term
| Acts as a buffer in general purpose media |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
So microbes will grow, some will not
ex. EMB, MSA |
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Term
| EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue) |
|
Definition
Selective - crystal violet kills gram positives
Differential - lactose fermenters (E. coli) |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective - high salt concentrations so Staphylococci and Halophiles can grow
Differential - Staph. aureus will cause the medium to change yellow |
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Term
|
Definition
| provides visible diff between organisms, color |
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Term
| Phases of Microbial Growth / Disease Path |
|
Definition
Lag
Log (Exponential)
Plateu
Log (Death) |
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Term
|
Definition
Time required for a cell to divide
20min for E. coli |
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Term
| Factors that affect microbial growth |
|
Definition
Temperature
Oxygen Requirements |
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Term
|
Definition
like cold
0-15'C
ex. Psychrobacter |
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Term
| Facultative psychrophile/ psychrotroph |
|
Definition
| can grow in refrigeration and have an optimum temperature of 20'C-30'C |
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Term
|
Definition
between 20'C and 40'C
pathogens |
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Term
|
Definition
Grow at above 50'C
ex. Thermous aquaticus |
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Term
|
Definition
Need Oxygen for metabolism
ex. Micrococcus and Pseudomonas |
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Term
|
Definition
Cannot tolerate Oxygen
ex. Clostridium sporogenes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Micrococcus and Pseudomonas |
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Term
|
Definition
Can tolerate Oxygen
ex. E. coli |
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Term
|
Definition
Requires small amounts of Oxygen
ex. Treponema pallidum (syphillis) |
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Term
|
Definition
Microaerophiles
Syphillis |
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Term
|
Definition
| grow best at a higher carbon dioxide tension than normally in the atmosphere |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Maintaining / Preserving Cultures |
|
Definition
Periodic Transfer
Preservation under oil
Lyophilization |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chain of cocci or bacilli |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Grape like cluster of cocci |
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Term
|
Definition
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillium |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reasons to Negative Stain |
|
Definition
Accurate size of cell
May reveal capsule |
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Term
|
Definition
Protect from: dehydration
phagocytosis by WBCs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Gram + |
|
Definition
Has MgRNA
sensitive to crystal violet, no EMB growth
sensitive to penicillin
can form spores
produces exotoxins which leave the cell |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Gram - |
|
Definition
No MgRNA
Not sensitive to crystal violet, grows on EMB
not senstitive to penicilin
non spore formers
produce endotoxins which arent released |
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