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Definition
| A region of temporoparietal cortex in the brain that is involved in the perception and production of speech. |
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| A test in which stimuli are very briefly exposed in either the left or right visual half-field. |
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| The vocal organ in birds. |
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| The grammatical rules for constructing phrases and sentences in a language. |
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| Acquired dyslexia in which the patient seems to attend only to the fine details of reading. |
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| An individual whose corpus callosum has been severed, halting communication between the right and left hemispheres. |
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| The period during development in which an organism can be permanently altered by a particular experience or treatment. |
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| The meanings or interpretation of words and sentences in a language. |
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| The recovery of behavioral capacity following brain damage from stroke or injury. |
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| Also called face blindness. A condition characterized by the inability to recognize faces. Acquired prosopagnosia is caused by damage to the brain, particularly the fusiform gyrus. Developmental (or congenital) prosopagnosia is the result of brain defects present from birth. |
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| The perception of emotional tone-of-voice aspects of language. |
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Definition
| A region of superior temporal cortex adjacent to the primary auditory area. |
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| A sound that is produced for language. |
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| A symptom of aphasia that is distinguished by the substitution of a word by a sound, an incorrect word, an unintended word, or a neologism (a meaningless word). |
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| Talking with considerable effort, short sentences, and the absence of the usual melodic character of conversational speech. |
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| Also called Broca’s aphasia. A language impairment characterized by difficulty with speech production but not with language comprehension; related to damage in Broca’s area. |
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Definition
| An entirely novel word, sometimes produced by a patient with aphasia |
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| The theory proposing that the left-hemisphere language zones are motor control systems that are concerned with both the precise production and the perception of the extremely complex movements that go into speech. |
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| The smallest grammatical unit of a language; a word or meaningful part of a word. |
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| A condition of the brain in which small regions are characterized by more gyri than usual. |
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| The tendency for the right and left halves of a system to differ from one another. |
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| The most sophisticated form of communication, in which a set of arbitrary sounds, tokens, or symbols can be arranged according to a grammar in order to convey an almost limitless variety of concepts. |
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Definition
| Partial paralysis involving one side of the body. |
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Definition
| Weakness of one side of the body. |
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| All of the rules for usage of a particular language. |
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Definition
| The total loss of ability to understand language, or to speak, read, or write. |
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| A region on the inferior surface of the cortex, at the junction of temporal and occipital lobes, that has been associated with recognition of faces. |
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Term
| fractional anisotropy (FA) |
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Definition
| The tendency of water to diffuse more readily along the long axis of enclosed spaces such as axon. It is the basis of diffusion tensor imaging. |
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Definition
| Also called Wernicke’s aphasia. A language impairment characterized by fluent, meaningless speech and little language comprehension; related to damage in Wernicke’s area. |
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Definition
| A cell, derived from an embryo, that has the capacity to form any type of tissue that a donor might produce. |
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Definition
| Something out of place—for example, clusters of neurons seen in unusual positions in the cortex of someone suffering from dyslexia. |
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| A reading disorder attributed to brain impairment. Acquired dyslexia occurs as a result of injury or disease. Developmental dyslexia is associated with brain abnormalities present from birth. |
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Definition
| Also call fiber tracking. Visualization of the orientation and terminations of white matter tracts in the living brain via diffusion tensor imaging. |
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Definition
| The simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the right and the left ears. |
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Definition
| Acquired dyslexia in which the patient reads a word as another word that is semantically related. |
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Definition
| The final stage of birdsong formation, in which fully formed adult song is achieved. |
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Term
| constraint-induced movement therapy |
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Definition
| A therapy for recovery of movement after stroke or injury in which the person’s unaffected limb is constrained while he is required to perform tasks with the affected limb. |
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| An impairment in the repetition of words and sentences. |
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Definition
| Information transfer between two individuals. |
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Term
| chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) |
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Definition
| Also called dementia pugilistica or punch-drunk. The dementia that develops in boxers; it is especially prominent in successful boxers because they participate in more bouts. |
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Definition
| A region of the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in the production of speech. |
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Definition
| The inability to recognize objects by touching and feeling them. |
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Definition
| A tract connecting Wernicke’s speech area to Broca’s speech area. |
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Definition
| An impairment in the ability to begin and execute skilled voluntary movements, even though there is no muscle paralysis. |
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Definition
| An impairment in language understanding and/or production that is caused by brain injury. |
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| The inability to name persons or objects readily. |
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| A brain region in which strokes can lead to word blindness. |
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| The inability to recognize objects, despite being able to describe them in terms of form and color; may occur after localized brain damage. |
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