Term
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Definition
- Every 3 - 12 mins
- Mass peristalic sweeps occur one to four times each 24hr period. Often directly after meals. 1/3 to 1/2 of food is excreted in stool within 24hrs adn the rest the next 24 to 48 hrs |
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Term
| Developmental Considerations to Bowel Elimination |
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Definition
Infant - diarrhea or loose stool may be related to overfeeding or too much corn syrup in formula. Some children have a bowel movement once every 2 to 3 days. Constipation try dietry manipulation
Toddler 18 - 24 mos - bowel training important. bowel control normally attaiend by 30 months of age.
school aged child adolecent adult -
older adult - constipation is a chronic problem fecal impaction or fecal incontinence or diarrhea (see card on older adult). |
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Term
| Considerations on bowel elimination problems in the older adult |
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Definition
Chronic constipation: Decreased gastrointestinal motility, effect of meds, decreased fluid intake, less active lifestyle, inadequate fiber intake, incomplete bowel emtpying.
Diarrhea - laxative abuse, meds, can lead to eletrolyte imbalance
Fecal impaction - can occur from chronic constipation, may be preceded by liquid feces - often mistaken for diarrhea, can lead to distended abdomen, abdominal pain, complete bowel obstruction.
Fecal incontinence - decreased muscle tone, alteration in nervous system innervation, altered cognition. can lead to skin break down and depression |
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Term
Nursing
Assessment - History |
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Definition
Usual patterns of bowel elimination
Aids to elimination
REcent changes in bowel elimination
Problems with elimination
Presene of artificial orifices |
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Term
Nursing
Assessment - Physical |
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Definition
Abdomen - Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation
Anus and Rectum - Inspection and Palpation
Stool Characteristics - see cjart |
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Term
| Warning Signs of Colon Cancer |
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Definition
Changes in bowel elimination and pattern
Blood in stools
Rectal or Abdominal Pain
Change in the character of stool
Sensation or incomplete emptying after bowel movement |
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Term
Nursing
Assessment - Stool |
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Definition
Volume
- Normal: Variable
- Abnormal: ;arge doarrheal stool suggest disorder in small bowel or proximal colon, small frequent stool with urgency to pass suggest disorder of left colon or rectum
Color
- Normal Infant: Yellow to Brown, Adult: Brown
- Abnormal: White or Clay like, Bleeding
Odor
- Normal: Pungent
- Abnormal: Blood, excessive putrefaction has a strong order
Consistency
- Normal: Soft, semisolid, formed
- Abnormal: liquid
Shape
- Normal: 1" in diameter
- Abnormal: Pencil like stool which may indicate an obstruction. Rapid peristalsis thins stool. Inreased time may result in hard marble like mass
Constituent
- Normal Waste residue of digestion, bile, intestinal secretion, shed epithelial cell, bacteria, inorganic material, seeds, meat fiber, and fat
- Abnormal: Parasites, excessive fat, mucus, blood, pus |
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Term
Nursing
Diagnostic Studies |
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Definition
Stool collection
Timed Speciimens
Specimens for Pinworms
Endoscopy
- Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- Colonoscopy
- Sigmoidoscopy
Indirect Visualization Studies
- Barium Enema
- Abdominal Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
- Abdominal CT Scan |
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Term
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Definition
Constipation Related to Factors:
- Decreased Fiber in Diet
- Inactivity
- Decreased Fluid Intake
- Delaying defecation when the urge is present
- Abuse of laxatives
- Use of constipatings meds (antacids, narcotir analgesics, anticholinergics)
- change in routine
- Pain associated with defecation |
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Term
Nursing
Dx - Risk for Constipation |
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Definition
Related Factors:
- Habitually ignores urge to defecate
- Inactivity
- Decreased Fiber in Diet
- Inadequate fluid intake
- Use of pharmalogic atents that can result in constipation (iron, opioids, anticholinergics)
- Stress
- Confusion |
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Term
Nursing
Dx - Perceived Constipation |
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Definition
Related FActors
- Culture
- Family Health Beliefs
- Faulty Appraisal
- Impaired Thought Process |
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Term
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Definition
Related Factors
- Food intolerance
- Food or drug allergies |
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Term
Nursing
Dx - Bowel Incontinence |
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Definition
RElated Factors
- Gross constipation with impaction and subsequent overflow
- Organic changes in neural innervation of the rectum
- Local causes (inflammation, cancer, prolapsed anus, semifluid stool)
- extreme debilitation
- cognitive impairment |
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Term
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Definition
The patient will:
- describe the functioning and purpose of his ostomy
- ingest an adequate amount of fiber
- monitor the amount and consistency of stool
- express acceptance of his ostomy
- demonstrate skin care for ostomy
- respond to the urge to defecate in a timely manner
- maintain the integrity of perineal skin
Patient will
- have a soft formed bowel movement every 1 to 3 days without discomfort
- explain the relationship between bowel elimination and dietary fiber, fluid intake and exercise
- relate the importance of seeking medical evaulation with chagnes in stool color or consistency persist |
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Term
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Definition
Promote Regular Bowel Habits - timing, positioning, privacy, nutrition, exercise
Provide comfort measures
Prevent and Treat Constipation - teach about nutrition, teach about laxatives and cathartics
Prevent and Treat Diarrhea - teach about food safety, prevent and manage traveler's diarrhea, teach about treatment for diarrhea
Decrease flatulence
Empty the colon of feces - enemals, clenasing enemas, retention enemas, rectal suppositories, oral intestinal lavage, digital removal of stool
Manage bowel incontinence - rectal indwelling catheter, fecal incontincence pouch
Designing and implementing bowel training programs, maintaing a nasogastric tube,
Monitor bowel movmeents and sounds |
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Term
Ostomy
- sigmoid colostomy
- descending colostomy
- transverse colostomy
- ascending colostomy
- ileostomy |
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Definition
ostomy - opening from organ to the outside
intesitnal mucosa is broguth out tot he abdominal wall, and a stoma, the part of the ostomy that is attahced to the skin is formed by suturing hte mucosa to the skin.
stoma |
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