Term
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) |
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Definition
| The use of information technology for map making has resulted is called ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ software licenses allow users to examine and modify the source code. |
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Term
False Different open-source licenses grant different freedoms and place different restrictions on the use of the source code. |
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Definition
T/F By definition, all open-source software use the same pre-defined license outlining the freedoms and restrictions on the use of their source code. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ offer legal protection to users of open-source software. |
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Term
False Free software and data means that it may be freely used in most contexts at no cost but there may be restrictions on modification. |
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Definition
T/F Free software and data are examples of open-source. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ refers to data that can be viewed and modified. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ develops open source geospatial software such as OpenGeo Suite, GeoServer, PostGIS, and OpenLayers. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ data captures geometric shapes. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ data captures a grid of measurements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Raster data sets may have multiple measurements, known as ______, at each location in the grid. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common vector file format is the ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| PostGIS is an example of a ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ is the default spatial database used in the OpenGeo Suite. |
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Term
False PostGIS is one of many possible vector storage options. GeoWebCache is a tile cache server. |
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Definition
T/F In GeoServer, PostGIS is the vector database backend while GeoWebCache is used as the raster database. |
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Term
| Points, lines, and polygons. |
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Definition
| What are the 3 basic vector types? |
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Term
|
Definition
| WKT is short for _______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| WKT is a common way of describing ______. |
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Term
| Geography Markup Language |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| GML is based on what programming language? |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are 0-dimensional objects with a position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Points are __-dimensional objects with a position. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are 1-dimensional objects represented by a series of points. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines are __-dimensional objects represented by a series of points. |
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Term
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Definition
| In WKT, lines are known as _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are 2-dimensional objects represented by a series of points. |
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Term
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Definition
| Polygons are __-dimensional objects represented by a series of points. |
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Term
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Definition
T/F In WKT, the first and last point of a polygon must be the same. |
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Term
False Polygons may have holes in them. |
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Definition
T/F Though holes are occasionally found in other vector formats, in WKT they are not supported natively. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ represent single objects that require more than one geometry of the same type to represent. |
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Term
False A *geometrycollection* is a collection of multiple geometries of different types. |
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Definition
T/F A multipart geometry is a collection of multiple geometries of different types. |
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Term
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Definition
T/F A geometrycollection is a collection of multiple geometries of different types. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F A geometrycollection is a collection of multiple geometries of different types. |
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Term
| multipoints, multilinestrings and multipolygons |
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Definition
| The 3 types of multipart geometries are ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ is the minimum rectangle (aligned to the coordinate system’s axes) that contains all the coordinates of a geometry. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ method is used to test spatial relationships. |
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Term
| The two-pass method for determining spatial relationships |
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Definition
| Testing the bounding boxes of the features first, then testing the actual features describes what? |
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Term
|
Definition
| A ______ is a collection of one of more values that are used to define location. |
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Term
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Definition
T/F Two coordinates are needed to locate a point on a sphere. |
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Term
3. We can use two coordinates to locate a point on a sphere and a third coordinate to give that point elevation. |
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Definition
| How many coordinates are required to find the location and elevation of a point on a sphere? |
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Term
False GeoJSON, like WKT, is another method of representing geometries. Neither are a programming language. |
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Definition
T/F GeoJSON, is based on the WKT programming language. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ is a reference point we measure against. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The Earth is most accurately represented by a ______, not a sphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of displaying a curved surface onto a flat surface is called ______. |
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Term
False All projections introduce some kind of distortion. While the Mercator projection wildly distorts countries in the far north and south, it has an important characteristic for oceanic navigation: it allows the correct angle, or bearing, to be measured between shapes. |
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Definition
T/F Mercator is the most widely used projection because of its lack of distortion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ represents the world as a perfect sphere sacrificing accuracy for simplified calculations thus better computational performance. |
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Term
| Coordinate Reference System (CRS) |
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Definition
| A ______ is a formal definition of how to interpret coordinates. |
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Term
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Definition
T/F A CRS can be expressed in WKT. |
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Term
| A CRS will always have certain parameters, such as the datum and the unit of measurement. |
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Definition
| What two parameters will a CRS always have? |
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Term
| Legal shelter, governance, and code review |
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Definition
| What three benefits does a software foundation provide? |
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Term
|
Definition
| OSGeo is an example of a _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are trusted organizations that provide catalogs of projection parameters referenced by a number. |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common Authority is _______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When a CRS contains authority information, it is known as a _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| What geometric relationship would you check for if you want to see if the geometries have at least one point in common? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What geometric relationship would you check for if you want to see if the geometries have no points in common? |
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Term
False The features have to “just touch” (if they overlap at all they are not considered touching). Formally, this is true if the geometries have at least one point in common but their interiors do not intersect. |
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Definition
T/F One feature "touches" another if they overlap |
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Term
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Definition
| Tests if two geometries cross. This is true if the geometries have some (but not all) interior points in common. |
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Term
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Definition
| What geometric relationship would you check for if you want to see if one feature is inside of another? |
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Term
| Overlap can only be used for feature of the same geometry type (e.g. polygon and polygon). Intersect can be used with any. |
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Definition
| What's the difference between testing for Overlapping and Intersecting spatial relationships? |
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Term
|
Definition
| A ______ is a thematic map where areas are colored to communicate differences in a measurement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ is a visualization of point data that produces a continuous gradient and changes color intensity to show the density of observations. |
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Term
| Barnes surface interpolation map |
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Definition
| A ______ constructs a continuous color gradient from a collection of quantitative point measurements. |
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Term
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Definition
| An ______ provides a direct representation of elevation. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are sections of geographic content used to compose a map. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ is used as a background for the comparison of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| A _______ is represented as an individual geometry. |
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Term
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Definition
| Features usually have _______ that record additional information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A _______ describes all the attributes that a feature will have. |
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Term
| default geometry, feature ID |
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Definition
| A featuretype will always have a ______ and a ______ which will be unique for each feature. |
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Term
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Definition
T/F According to OGC standards, all features in a layer will have the same featuretype. |
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Term
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Definition
T/F GML can be used to represent a feature with all its attributes. |
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Term
coverage Note: Rasters are commonly used as a coverage, but vectors such as TINs are also considered coverage. |
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Definition
| A ______ is an attribute whose value changes across an area. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ data types sample a coverage at regular intervals. |
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Term
| nearest neighbor, bilinear or bicubic |
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Definition
| What three algorithms are commonly used to approximate the values between sample points in a raster coverage? |
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Term
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Definition
| Of the three coverage algorithms, ______ is less accurate but is faster to compute. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Of the three coverage algorithms, ______ and ______ are slower but more accurate. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ is the practice of representing information using shapes, colors and symbols on a map. |
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Term
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Definition
| Symbology is the practice of representing information using ______, ______ and ______ on a map. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ is a formal definition of how to apply symbology to features. |
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Term
| Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD) |
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Definition
| The OGC standard for styling spatial data is called ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ is a ratio of distance on a map to distance on the ground. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ is a method of communication between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web. |
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Term
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Definition
| A web service is a ______ between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web. |
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Term
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Definition
| A typical ______ functions as a request which is sent to a server with the rest of the address being the parameters of the request. |
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Term
client (“front end”), data/application server (“middleware”), and database (“back end”) |
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Definition
| What are the three main parts typical in a spatial architecture? |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are fully-published standards for data and data communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Google Maps and OpenStreetMap are examples of ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In web services, feature data is typically _______. |
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Term
| Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) |
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Definition
| The ______ is an organization that creates and promotes published geospatial standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ request will request data from a specified resource. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ request submits data to be processed to a specified resource. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a ______ request, the content of the submission is separate from the request. |
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Term
|
Definition
| All OGC Open Web Service standards provide a ______ used to describe the service, accessed using the operation. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the operation called to obtained the capabilities document? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ is a protocol for the serving of georeferenced map images. |
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Term
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Definition
| The WMS ______ operation retrieves a georeferenced map image. |
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Term
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Definition
| The WMS ______ operation will return attribute information for a feature at a given location. |
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Term
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Definition
| The WMS ______ generates a map legend to be returned to the client. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ is requesting a layer in a different projection on the fly. |
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Term
| Web Feature Service (WFS) |
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Definition
| ______ is a protocol for interacting with geospatial features. |
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Term
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Definition
| The WFS ______ operation retrieves individual features and feature collections. |
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Term
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Definition
| The WFS ______ operation will return details about a particular layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The WFS ______ operation allows for writing data back to the server though standard create/update/delete directives. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ output formats can include but are not limited to PNG, JPEG, and PDF. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ output formats can include but are not limited to GML, JSON, and Shapefile archive. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what does WMTS stand for? |
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Term
| Web Coverage Service (WCS) |
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Definition
| ______ is an OGC protocol for accessing coverage information over the web. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ is most easily thought of as the raster analog to WFS. |
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Term
| Web Processing Service (WPS) |
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Definition
| ______ applies geospatial processing to the standard client/server model. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F WPS doesn’t specify any specific processes, only the method of accessing them. |
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Term
| Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) |
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Definition
| The ______ is a specialized version of WMS that is specifically geared towards tiling. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When an error occurs in the lifecycle of a request, the server returns a ______. |
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Term
| client error, server error |
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Definition
| Service exceptions can be due to ______ or ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A ______ occurs when the request was *malformed* so the server did not know how to process it effectively. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A ______ occurs when the request was *valid* but the server was not able to process it. |
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Term
|
Definition
| GeoServer is an implementation of the ______ standards. |
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Term
| Through it's web interface. |
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Definition
| How can GeoServer be configured? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Data is classified in ______. |
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Term
| /geoserver/wms , /geoserver/wfs |
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Definition
| GeoServer provides generic end points, such as ______ and ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ such as /geoserver/opengeo/wms provides access to data in a specific workspace only. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the url /geoserver/opengeo/wms, opengeo is the ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ are where we configure GeoServer’s connection to a source of spatial data. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
False Workspaces are visible. Stores are not. |
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Definition
T/F Workspaces are never visible to the client in the capabilities document. |
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Term
|
Definition
| We publish data in the form of ______, which clients can request through one of the OGC protocols (WMS, WFS or WCS). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Multiple layers can be combined into a ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F Layer groups do not have to be part of a workspace. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ______ describe how the spatial data in a layer will be visualized. |
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Term
|
Definition
| We can provide new data to clients by adding the connection to the source and then ______. |
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Term
| adding the connection to the source |
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Definition
| We can provide new data to clients by ______ and then publishing the layer. |
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Term
| A name, CRS and a bounding box. |
|
Definition
| What three things are required to publish a layer? |
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Term
False GeoServer will assign a default style depending on the type of spatial data (line, point, polygon or raster). |
|
Definition
T/F GeoServer cannot publish a layer until a style is assigned to it. |
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Term
|
Definition
| It is possible to preview layers in GeoServer due to its embedded ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| We can hide layers from the capabilities document by marking them as ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| We can control what metadata a client sees in the ______. |
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Term
|
Definition
| If the store incorrectly reports the data’s SRS, the administrator can use the ______ to force a different one. |
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Term
True It is possible to set the bounding boxes to a region smaller than what the data actually covers, and GeoServer will still respond to requests outside the declared bounds. |
|
Definition
T/F GeoServer will still respond to requests outside the bounding box of a layer. |
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Term
| If the data is updated, fields have been added, or field formats modified. |
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Definition
| Why would you reload feature type or coverage data? |
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Term
False Attributes and geometry may be updated, but feature types (attribute column data) and coverage changes need to be "reloaded" if there have been changes since starting GeoServer. |
|
Definition
T/F GeoServer automatically refreshes the data to reflect changes. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F Vector layers have specific publishing settings that are not available for raster layers. |
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Term
| Stores are configured to tell GeoServer where the data is locally stored. Storage information is not published. |
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Definition
| What do GeoServer stores do? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Use ______ for shapefile stores on Linux but not Windows. |
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Term
| By setting the Per-Request Feature Limit. |
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Definition
| How can we can restrict the maximum number of features to return in a single GetFeature request? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Disabling the ______ option allows us to prevent WMS GetFeatureInfo requests. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F We may provide clients a list of additional styles. |
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Term
False GeoServer will allow requests to specify any style to be used, even if it is not the default or an additional style. |
|
Definition
T/F Styles are restricted to the options to the list of styles assigned to a layer. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F An existing layer can be republished with a new name and different settings. |
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Term
|
Definition
| In the Stores settings, on which OS should memory mapped buffers be used? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Besides from their individual pages, what other pages can you add layers and stores, and create workspaces? |
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Term
| Directory of spatial files (shapefiles) |
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Definition
| What takes a directory of shapefiles and exposes it as a data store. |
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Term
In the Data tab: 1. Add: - Name - Title - Abstract (optional, but recommended) 2. Declare SRS 3. Compute data boundaries 4. Compute native boundaries 5. Save |
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Definition
| What steps are necessary to publish a layer? |
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Term
| From the Layers page, click "Add new resource". |
|
Definition
| Where do you go to publish layers from an established data store? |
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Term
|
Definition
| When configuring a layer, which tab do you use to override the default style? |
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Term
|
Definition
| When configuring a layer to publish, which tab will you input the necessary information? |
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Term
| Set the Per-Request Feature Limit. This is found under WFS Settings under the Publishing tab of a layer. THIS IS RARELY NECESSARY! |
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Definition
| If there is a large number of features in a layer, how can we reduce the risk of overload? |
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Term
False Even with Queryable disabled, WFS GetFeature requests will still be possible. Turning off Queyable only disables GetFeatureInfo, but the data obtained from GetFeature is similar. |
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Definition
T/F To disable GetFeature requests, turn off the Queryable setting in WMS Settings under the Publishing tab of a layer. |
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Term
False GeoServer will also render those features that are partially in the bounding box. |
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Definition
T/F When GeoServer receives a GetMap request, it only renders features whose physical location are completely inside the bounding box. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Different ______ algorithms have different performance characteristics. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F We cannot restrict which algorithms may be used in a raster layer’s WCS settings. |
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Term
True Provided that the workspace is called with the listed layers and not the beginning of the URL as is usual with layer preview. |
|
Definition
T/F It is possible to request multiple layers simultaneously by adding them to the layers parameter in a WMS GetMap request. |
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Term
False It is possible to request multiple layers simultaneously by adding them to the layers parameter in a WMS GetMap request. |
|
Definition
T/F If you need multiple layers in the map, layer groups will be necessary. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A ______ is used to combine multiple layers together. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F Layer groups can be used with WMS but not WFS. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Layer group ______ settings will determine how the layer group appears in the capabilities document. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Does the drawing order read base layer first or last in the group layer settings? |
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Term
| modifying configuration files |
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Definition
| Outside the UI of GeoServer, most manual administration is typically done by ______. |
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Term
| Server Status under About & Status. |
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Definition
| If a client crashes while editing data, the dataset stays locked up until a duration of time has passed. To free the locks, to what page do you need to go? |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It requires the entire image be loaded into the JAI tile cache requiring more memory. |
|
Definition
| Although JPEG imagery can be used, what is its drawback? |
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|
Term
1. Update a running GeoServer, in the event configuration has changed on disk. 2. Force GeoServer to reconnect to external services without having to restart. |
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Definition
| In what two cases would you reload the configuration and catalog on the Server status page? |
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Term
| The Publishing tab of a Layer page. |
|
Definition
| On which page does most of the WMS configuration take place? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What page lets you enter the GetCapabilities service metadata? |
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|
Term
False Requires modification of a separate file |
|
Definition
T/F Application server integration can be done with the web admin application. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F GeoServer logs can be viewed with the web admin application. |
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|
Term
False Requires modification of a separate file |
|
Definition
T/F Security integration can be done with the web admin application. |
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|
Term
False Must be installed manually |
|
Definition
T/F Extension installation can be done with the web admin application. |
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Term
|
Definition
T/F OGC services can be enabled or disabled with the web admin application. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Name an example of a virtual service. |
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|
Term
EPSG. I think. I'm pretty sure. ;) European Petroleum Survey Group. ESPG might mean ExtraSensory Perception for Geography which could be cool. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How would you prevent clients from being able to access vector data entirely? |
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|
Term
| gs:Import and gs:StoreCoverage are Geoserver specific processes found under Process groups on the WPS page. |
|
Definition
| To keep outside users from uploading new data to the GeoServer, what processes needs to be disabled and where is it found? |
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|
Term
| In the capabilities document |
|
Definition
| All OGC services have metadata associated with them. Where are they published? |
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|
Term
| To reduce the size of the capabilities document and to broadcast the preferred SRSs on the server. |
|
Definition
| Why would we want to limit the SRS list? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| WMS resource consumption limits limit the resources that can be allocated to a ______ request, potentially saving processing time and memory. |
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|
Term
False All service configuration options can be either global or workspace-specific. |
|
Definition
T/F All service configuration options are modified in the Workspace settings. |
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|
Term
| Create, Read, Update, and Delete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basic (minimal operations), Transactional (adding transactions), or Complete (all operations). |
|
Definition
| What are the three levels of WFS? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| WPS execution settings are used to ______ when executing individual processes. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| WCS resource consumption limits limit the resources that can be allocated to a ______ request |
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|
Term
Authentication: Used to establish the identity of a user. Authorization: Used to check permission prior to granting access to a data or service. |
|
Definition
| What two steps does a security workflow consist of? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| What extracts credentials from each request? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| What checks credentials and confirms identity? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What lists filters available to approve a request? |
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|
Term
False A service exception is returned. |
|
Definition
T/F If Mary enters her name but doesn't enter her password, she is passed through as an anonymous user with restricted access. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| If Mary enters her name but not her password, what component will throw the service exception? |
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|
Term
| Passwords are passed through in plain text |
|
Definition
| Why is the Basic authentication filter not recommended on production systems? |
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|
Term
| It processes them through a hash function before sending it over the network. |
|
Definition
| How does the Digest authentication filter handle passwords? |
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|
Term
| Form (or form submission) |
|
Definition
| The GeoServer web app uses which authentication filter? |
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|
Term
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Definition
| Which authentication filter uses a cookie to recognize users? |
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Term
| Authentication filter chains |
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Definition
| What are used to tell GeoServer when each of the authentication filters should be used? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is responsible for taking the provided user credentials (ie user name and password) from the authentication filter and checking that they match what is expected? |
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Term
| user/group service, role service |
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Definition
| GeoServer makes use of a default ______ and ______ to store security configuration as XML files in your data directory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Users can be listed as members of one or more ______, allowing security to be managed on blocks of users at a time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Required for a user to access geospatial data or web service. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ allows limited access to the web administration application for the purpose of managing users and groups. |
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Term
| Grants all users read access to the Natural Earth (ne) workspace. |
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Definition
| In Data Security Rules, what does ne.*.r mean for * Role? |
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Term
Determines how GeoServer will treat layers that the user does not have permissions to view. HIDE - Layer is hidden from the user CHALLENGE - Layer is listed. When it is requested, GeoServer will ask for the user to provide credentials. MIXED - Layer is hidden from the user. When it is requested, GeoServer will ask for the user to provide credentials. |
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Definition
| In Data Security, what does Catalog Mode do? |
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Term
| Grants all users who have logged in read access to the Natural Earth (ne) workspace. |
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Definition
| In Data Security Rules, what does ne.*.r mean for ROLE_AUTHENTICATED Role? |
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Term
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Definition
| What allows access to GeoServer in the event of a configuration change that renders other logins impossible? |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are used to check who a user is and filter requests accordingly. |
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Term
| Authentication filter chains |
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Definition
| ______ are used to tell GeoServer when an authentication filter should be used. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ is responsible for taking the provided user credentials from the authentication filter and checking that they match what is expected. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ is responsible for saving user and group information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ is responsible for saving role information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Access to resources is determined by what ______ the user/group has access to. |
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Term
| external authentication providers |
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Definition
| JDBC and LDAP are examples of ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| What encryption is recommended unless you absolutely need reversible passwords? |
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Term
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Definition
| Roles can inherit permissions from their ______. |
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Term
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Definition
| Access to services and individual operations can be attached to ______. |
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Term
| A hosted issue-tracking system accessible to anyone for GeoServer. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When an application problem occurs, it is usually recorded in the logs in the form of a ______. |
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Term
| service exception document format |
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Definition
| OGC services define a ______ that is used to display issues in response to a client request. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a cloud-based subscription service application that connects to GeoServer and displays request information using charts, graphs, and maps. |
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Term
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Definition
| What OGR command lists information about a vector dataset? |
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Term
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Definition
| What OGR command converts and manipulates vector data? |
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Term
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Definition
| When using Linux, what command must precede file-modifying/creation ogr commands (at least at first)? |
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Term
| Navigate to the proper directory using cd |
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Definition
| Before using ogrinfo command on a known shapefile, what must be done first? |
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Term
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Definition
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