Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Boundless GeoServer 1
Based on Boundless GeoServer 1 training materials. Not based on actual exam.
232
Software
Undergraduate 3
01/13/2015

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Cards

Term
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Definition
The use of information technology for map making has resulted is called ______.
Term
Open-source
Definition
______ software licenses allow users to examine and modify the source code.
Term
False
Different open-source licenses grant different freedoms and place different restrictions on the use of the source code.
Definition
T/F
By definition, all open-source software use the same pre-defined license outlining the freedoms and restrictions on the use of their source code.
Term
Software foundations
Definition
______ offer legal protection to users of open-source software.
Term
False
Free software and data means that it may be freely used in most contexts at no cost but there may be restrictions on modification.
Definition
T/F
Free software and data are examples of open-source.
Term
Open data
Definition
______ refers to data that can be viewed and modified.
Term
Boundless
Definition
______ develops open source geospatial software such as OpenGeo Suite, GeoServer, PostGIS, and OpenLayers.
Term
Vector
Definition
______ data captures geometric shapes.
Term
Raster
Definition
______ data captures a grid of measurements.
Term
bands
Definition
Raster data sets may have multiple measurements, known as ______, at each location in the grid.
Term
shapefile
Definition
A common vector file format is the ______.
Term
spatial database
Definition
PostGIS is an example of a ______.
Term
PostGIS
Definition
______ is the default spatial database used in the OpenGeo Suite.
Term
False
PostGIS is one of many possible vector storage options.
GeoWebCache is a tile cache server.
Definition
T/F
In GeoServer, PostGIS is the vector database backend while GeoWebCache is used as the raster database.
Term
Points, lines, and polygons.
Definition
What are the 3 basic vector types?
Term
Well-known text
Definition
WKT is short for _______.
Term
geometric shapes
Definition
WKT is a common way of describing ______.
Term
Geography Markup Language
Definition
GML is short for ______.
Term
XML
Definition
GML is based on what programming language?
Term
Points
Definition
______ are 0-dimensional objects with a position.
Term
0
Definition
Points are __-dimensional objects with a position.
Term
Lines
Definition
______ are 1-dimensional objects represented by a series of points.
Term
1
Definition
Lines are __-dimensional objects represented by a series of points.
Term
linestrings
Definition
In WKT, lines are known as _______.
Term
Polygons
Definition
______ are 2-dimensional objects represented by a series of points.
Term
2
Definition
Polygons are __-dimensional objects represented by a series of points.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
In WKT, the first and last point of a polygon must be the same.
Term
False
Polygons may have holes in them.
Definition
T/F
Though holes are occasionally found in other vector formats, in WKT they are not supported natively.
Term
Multipart geometries
Definition
______ represent single objects that require more than one geometry of the same type to represent.
Term
False
A *geometrycollection* is a collection of multiple geometries of different types.
Definition
T/F
A multipart geometry is a collection of multiple geometries of different types.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
A geometrycollection is a collection of multiple geometries of different types.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
A geometrycollection is a collection of multiple geometries of different types.
Term
multipoints, multilinestrings and multipolygons
Definition
The 3 types of multipart geometries are ______.
Term
bounding box
Definition
A ______ is the minimum rectangle (aligned to the coordinate system’s axes) that contains all the coordinates of a geometry.
Term
two-pass
Definition
The ______ method is used to test spatial relationships.
Term
The two-pass method for determining spatial relationships
Definition
Testing the bounding boxes of the features first, then testing the actual features describes what?
Term
coordinate
Definition
A ______ is a collection of one of more values that are used to define location.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
Two coordinates are needed to locate a point on a sphere.
Term
3.
We can use two coordinates to locate a point on a sphere and a third coordinate to give that point elevation.
Definition
How many coordinates are required to find the location and elevation of a point on a sphere?
Term
False
GeoJSON, like WKT, is another method of representing geometries. Neither are a programming language.
Definition
T/F
GeoJSON, is based on the WKT programming language.
Term
datum
Definition
A ______ is a reference point we measure against.
Term
spheroid
Definition
The Earth is most accurately represented by a ______, not a sphere.
Term
projection
Definition
The process of displaying a curved surface onto a flat surface is called ______.
Term
False
All projections introduce some kind of distortion. While the Mercator projection wildly distorts countries in the far north and south, it has an important characteristic for oceanic navigation: it allows the correct angle, or bearing, to be measured between shapes.
Definition
T/F
Mercator is the most widely used projection because of its lack of distortion.
Term
Spherical Mercator
Definition
______ represents the world as a perfect sphere sacrificing accuracy for simplified calculations thus better computational performance.
Term
Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
Definition
A ______ is a formal definition of how to interpret coordinates.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
A CRS can be expressed in WKT.
Term
A CRS will always have certain parameters, such as the datum and the unit of measurement.
Definition
What two parameters will a CRS always have?
Term
Legal shelter, governance, and code review
Definition
What three benefits does a software foundation provide?
Term
software foundation
Definition
OSGeo is an example of a _______.
Term
Authorities
Definition
______ are trusted organizations that provide catalogs of projection parameters referenced by a number.
Term
EPSG
Definition
The most common Authority is _______.
Term
spatial reference system
Definition
When a CRS contains authority information, it is known as a _______.
Term
Intersect
Definition
What geometric relationship would you check for if you want to see if the geometries have at least one point in common?
Term
Disjoint
Definition
What geometric relationship would you check for if you want to see if the geometries have no points in common?
Term
False
The features have to “just touch” (if they overlap at all they are not considered touching). Formally, this is true if the geometries have at least one point in common but their interiors do not intersect.
Definition
T/F
One feature "touches" another if they overlap
Term
Crosses
Definition
Tests if two geometries cross. This is true if the geometries have some (but not all) interior points in common.
Term
Within
Definition
What geometric relationship would you check for if you want to see if one feature is inside of another?
Term
Overlap can only be used for feature of the same geometry type (e.g. polygon and polygon). Intersect can be used with any.
Definition
What's the difference between testing for Overlapping and Intersecting spatial relationships?
Term
choropleth map
Definition
A ______ is a thematic map where areas are colored to communicate differences in a measurement.
Term
heat map
Definition
A ______ is a visualization of point data that produces a continuous gradient and changes color intensity to show the density of observations.
Term
Barnes surface interpolation map
Definition
A ______ constructs a continuous color gradient from a collection of quantitative point measurements.
Term
elevation map
Definition
An ______ provides a direct representation of elevation.
Term
Layers
Definition
______ are sections of geographic content used to compose a map.
Term
basemap
Definition
A ______ is used as a background for the comparison of data.
Term
feature
Definition
A _______ is represented as an individual geometry.
Term
attributes
Definition
Features usually have _______ that record additional information.
Term
featuretype
Definition
A _______ describes all the attributes that a feature will have.
Term
default geometry, feature ID
Definition
A featuretype will always have a ______ and a ______ which will be unique for each feature.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
According to OGC standards, all features in a layer will have the same featuretype.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
GML can be used to represent a feature with all its attributes.
Term
coverage
Note:
Rasters are commonly used as a coverage, but vectors such as TINs are also considered coverage.
Definition
A ______ is an attribute whose value changes across an area.
Term
Raster
Definition
______ data types sample a coverage at regular intervals.
Term
nearest neighbor, bilinear or bicubic
Definition
What three algorithms are commonly used to approximate the values between sample points in a raster coverage?
Term
nearest neighbor
Definition
Of the three coverage algorithms, ______ is less accurate but is faster to compute.
Term
bilinear, bicubic
Definition
Of the three coverage algorithms, ______ and ______ are slower but more accurate.
Term
Symbology
Definition
______ is the practice of representing information using shapes, colors and symbols on a map.
Term
shapes, colors, symbols
Definition
Symbology is the practice of representing information using ______, ______ and ______ on a map.
Term
style
Definition
A ______ is a formal definition of how to apply symbology to features.
Term
Styled Layer Descriptor (SLD)
Definition
The OGC standard for styling spatial data is called ______.
Term
Scale
Definition
______ is a ratio of distance on a map to distance on the ground.
Term
web service
Definition
A ______ is a method of communication between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web.
Term
method of communication
Definition
A web service is a ______ between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web.
Term
HTTP “address”
Definition
A typical ______ functions as a request which is sent to a server with the rest of the address being the parameters of the request.
Term
client (“front end”),
data/application server (“middleware”),
and database (“back end”)
Definition
What are the three main parts typical in a spatial architecture?
Term
Open standards
Definition
______ are fully-published standards for data and data communication.
Term
spatial web services
Definition
Google Maps and OpenStreetMap are examples of ______.
Term
restricted
Definition
In web services, feature data is typically _______.
Term
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Definition
The ______ is an organization that creates and promotes published geospatial standards.
Term
GET
Definition
A ______ request will request data from a specified resource.
Term
POST
Definition
A ______ request submits data to be processed to a specified resource.
Term
POST
Definition
In a ______ request, the content of the submission is separate from the request.
Term
capabilities document
Definition
All OGC Open Web Service standards provide a ______ used to describe the service, accessed using the operation.
Term
GetCapabilities
Definition
What is the operation called to obtained the capabilities document?
Term
Web Map Service (WMS)
Definition
The ______ is a protocol for the serving of georeferenced map images.
Term
GetMap
Definition
The WMS ______ operation retrieves a georeferenced map image.
Term
GetFeatureInfo
Definition
The WMS ______ operation will return attribute information for a feature at a given location.
Term
GetLegendGraphic
Definition
The WMS ______ generates a map legend to be returned to the client.
Term
Dynamic reprojection
Definition
______ is requesting a layer in a different projection on the fly.
Term
Web Feature Service (WFS)
Definition
______ is a protocol for interacting with geospatial features.
Term
GetFeature
Definition
The WFS ______ operation retrieves individual features and feature collections.
Term
DescribeFeatureType
Definition
The WFS ______ operation will return details about a particular layer.
Term
Transaction
Definition
The WFS ______ operation allows for writing data back to the server though standard create/update/delete directives.
Term
WMS
Definition
______ output formats can include but are not limited to PNG, JPEG, and PDF.
Term
WFS
Definition
______ output formats can include but are not limited to GML, JSON, and Shapefile archive.
Term
Web Map Service
Definition
What does WMS stand for?
Term
Web Feature Service
Definition
What does WFS stand for?
Term
Web Coverage Service
Definition
What does WCS stand for?
Term
Web Processing Service
Definition
What does WPS stand for?
Term
Web Map Tile Service
Definition
what does WMTS stand for?
Term
Web Coverage Service (WCS)
Definition
______ is an OGC protocol for accessing coverage information over the web.
Term
WCS
Definition
______ is most easily thought of as the raster analog to WFS.
Term
Web Processing Service (WPS)
Definition
______ applies geospatial processing to the standard client/server model.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
WPS doesn’t specify any specific processes, only the method of accessing them.
Term
Web Map Tile Service (WMTS)
Definition
The ______ is a specialized version of WMS that is specifically geared towards tiling.
Term
service exception
Definition
When an error occurs in the lifecycle of a request, the server returns a ______.
Term
client error, server error
Definition
Service exceptions can be due to ______ or ______.
Term
client error
Definition
A ______ occurs when the request was *malformed* so the server did not know how to process it effectively.
Term
server error
Definition
A ______ occurs when the request was *valid* but the server was not able to process it.
Term
OGC web services
Definition
GeoServer is an implementation of the ______ standards.
Term
Through it's web interface.
Definition
How can GeoServer be configured?
Term
workspaces
Definition
Data is classified in ______.
Term
/geoserver/wms , /geoserver/wfs
Definition
GeoServer provides generic end points, such as ______ and ______.
Term
Virtual web services
Definition
______ such as /geoserver/opengeo/wms provides access to data in a specific workspace only.
Term
workspace
Definition
In the url /geoserver/opengeo/wms, opengeo is the ______.
Term
Stores
Definition
______ are where we configure GeoServer’s connection to a source of spatial data.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
Stores
Term
False
Workspaces are visible. Stores are not.
Definition
T/F
Workspaces are never visible to the client in the capabilities document.
Term
layers
Definition
We publish data in the form of ______, which clients can request through one of the OGC protocols (WMS, WFS or WCS).
Term
layer group
Definition
Multiple layers can be combined into a ______.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
Layer groups do not have to be part of a workspace.
Term
Styles
Definition
______ describe how the spatial data in a layer will be visualized.
Term
publishing the layer
Definition
We can provide new data to clients by adding the connection to the source and then ______.
Term
adding the connection to the source
Definition
We can provide new data to clients by ______ and then publishing the layer.
Term
A name, CRS and a bounding box.
Definition
What three things are required to publish a layer?
Term
False
GeoServer will assign a default style depending on the type of spatial data (line, point, polygon or raster).
Definition
T/F
GeoServer cannot publish a layer until a style is assigned to it.
Term
client
Definition
It is possible to preview layers in GeoServer due to its embedded ______.
Term
not advertised
Definition
We can hide layers from the capabilities document by marking them as ______.
Term
layer configuration
Definition
We can control what metadata a client sees in the ______.
Term
declared SRS
Definition
If the store incorrectly reports the data’s SRS, the administrator can use the ______ to force a different one.
Term
True
It is possible to set the bounding boxes to a region smaller than what the data actually covers, and GeoServer will still respond to requests outside the declared bounds.
Definition
T/F
GeoServer will still respond to requests outside the bounding box of a layer.
Term
If the data is updated, fields have been added, or field formats modified.
Definition
Why would you reload feature type or coverage data?
Term
False
Attributes and geometry may be updated, but feature types (attribute column data) and coverage changes need to be "reloaded" if there have been changes since starting GeoServer.
Definition
T/F
GeoServer automatically refreshes the data to reflect changes.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
Vector layers have specific publishing settings that are not available for raster layers.
Term
Stores are configured to tell GeoServer where the data is locally stored. Storage information is not published.
Definition
What do GeoServer stores do?
Term
memory-mapped buffers
Definition
Use ______ for shapefile stores on Linux but not Windows.
Term
By setting the Per-Request Feature Limit.
Definition
How can we can restrict the maximum number of features to return in a single GetFeature request?
Term
Queryable
Definition
Disabling the ______ option allows us to prevent WMS GetFeatureInfo requests.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
We may provide clients a list of additional styles.
Term
False
GeoServer will allow requests to specify any style to be used, even if it is not the default or an additional style.
Definition
T/F
Styles are restricted to the options to the list of styles assigned to a layer.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
An existing layer can be republished with a new name and different settings.
Term
Linux
Definition
In the Stores settings, on which OS should memory mapped buffers be used?
Term
The Welcome page
Definition
Besides from their individual pages, what other pages can you add layers and stores, and create workspaces?
Term
Directory of spatial files (shapefiles)
Definition
What takes a directory of shapefiles and exposes it as a data store.
Term
In the Data tab:
1. Add:
- Name
- Title
- Abstract (optional, but recommended)
2. Declare SRS
3. Compute data boundaries
4. Compute native boundaries
5. Save
Definition
What steps are necessary to publish a layer?
Term
From the Layers page, click "Add new resource".
Definition
Where do you go to publish layers from an established data store?
Term
Publishing
Definition
When configuring a layer, which tab do you use to override the default style?
Term
Data tab
Definition
When configuring a layer to publish, which tab will you input the necessary information?
Term
Set the Per-Request Feature Limit. This is found under WFS Settings under the Publishing tab of a layer. THIS IS RARELY NECESSARY!
Definition
If there is a large number of features in a layer, how can we reduce the risk of overload?
Term
False
Even with Queryable disabled, WFS GetFeature requests will still be possible. Turning off Queyable only disables GetFeatureInfo, but the data obtained from GetFeature is similar.
Definition
T/F
To disable GetFeature requests, turn off the Queryable setting in WMS Settings under the Publishing tab of a layer.
Term
False
GeoServer will also render those features that are partially in the bounding box.
Definition
T/F
When GeoServer receives a GetMap request, it only renders features whose physical location are completely inside the bounding box.
Term
interpolation
Definition
Different ______ algorithms have different performance characteristics.
Term
False
We can.
Definition
T/F
We cannot restrict which algorithms may be used in a raster layer’s WCS settings.
Term
True
Provided that the workspace is called with the listed layers and not the beginning of the URL as is usual with layer preview.
Definition
T/F
It is possible to request multiple layers simultaneously by adding them to the layers parameter in a WMS GetMap request.
Term
False
It is possible to request multiple layers simultaneously by adding them to the layers parameter in a WMS GetMap request.
Definition
T/F
If you need multiple layers in the map, layer groups will be necessary.
Term
layer group
Definition
A ______ is used to combine multiple layers together.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
Layer groups can be used with WMS but not WFS.
Term
mode
Definition
Layer group ______ settings will determine how the layer group appears in the capabilities document.
Term
First
Definition
Does the drawing order read base layer first or last in the group layer settings?
Term
modifying configuration files
Definition
Outside the UI of GeoServer, most manual administration is typically done by ______.
Term
Server Status under About & Status.
Definition
If a client crashes while editing data, the dataset stays locked up until a duration of time has passed. To free the locks, to what page do you need to go?
Term
Java Advanced Imaging
Definition
What is JAI?
Term
It requires the entire image be loaded into the JAI tile cache requiring more memory.
Definition
Although JPEG imagery can be used, what is its drawback?
Term
1. Update a running GeoServer, in the event configuration has changed on disk.
2. Force GeoServer to reconnect to external services without having to restart.
Definition
In what two cases would you reload the configuration and catalog on the Server status page?
Term
The Publishing tab of a Layer page.
Definition
On which page does most of the WMS configuration take place?
Term
WMS under Services
Definition
What page lets you enter the GetCapabilities service metadata?
Term
False
Requires modification of a separate file
Definition
T/F
Application server integration can be done with the web admin application.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
GeoServer logs can be viewed with the web admin application.
Term
False
Requires modification of a separate file
Definition
T/F
Security integration can be done with the web admin application.
Term
False
Must be installed manually
Definition
T/F
Extension installation can be done with the web admin application.
Term
True
Definition
T/F
OGC services can be enabled or disabled with the web admin application.
Term
WCS, WMS, WFS, WPS
Definition
Name an example of a virtual service.
Term
EPSG. I think. I'm pretty sure. ;)
European Petroleum Survey Group.
ESPG might mean ExtraSensory Perception for Geography which could be cool.
Definition
Is it EPSG or ESPG?
Term
Disable WMS and WFS
Definition
How would you prevent clients from being able to access vector data entirely?
Term
gs:Import and gs:StoreCoverage are Geoserver specific processes found under Process groups on the WPS page.
Definition
To keep outside users from uploading new data to the GeoServer, what processes needs to be disabled and where is it found?
Term
In the capabilities document
Definition
All OGC services have metadata associated with them. Where are they published?
Term
To reduce the size of the capabilities document and to broadcast the preferred SRSs on the server.
Definition
Why would we want to limit the SRS list?
Term
GetMap
Definition
WMS resource consumption limits limit the resources that can be allocated to a ______ request, potentially saving processing time and memory.
Term
False
All service configuration options can be either global or workspace-specific.
Definition
T/F
All service configuration options are modified in the Workspace settings.
Term
Create, Read, Update, and Delete
Definition
What is CRUD?
Term
Basic (minimal operations), Transactional (adding transactions), or Complete (all operations).
Definition
What are the three levels of WFS?
Term
limit the resources used
Definition
WPS execution settings are used to ______ when executing individual processes.
Term
GetCoverage
Definition
WCS resource consumption limits limit the resources that can be allocated to a ______ request
Term
Authentication: Used to establish the identity of a user.
Authorization: Used to check permission prior to granting access to a data or service.
Definition
What two steps does a security workflow consist of?
Term
Authentication Filter
Definition
What extracts credentials from each request?
Term
Authentication Provider
Definition
What checks credentials and confirms identity?
Term
Authentication Chain
Definition
What lists filters available to approve a request?
Term
False
A service exception is returned.
Definition
T/F
If Mary enters her name but doesn't enter her password, she is passed through as an anonymous user with restricted access.
Term
Authentication Provider
Definition
If Mary enters her name but not her password, what component will throw the service exception?
Term
Passwords are passed through in plain text
Definition
Why is the Basic authentication filter not recommended on production systems?
Term
It processes them through a hash function before sending it over the network.
Definition
How does the Digest authentication filter handle passwords?
Term
Form (or form submission)
Definition
The GeoServer web app uses which authentication filter?
Term
Remember Me
Definition
Which authentication filter uses a cookie to recognize users?
Term
Authentication filter chains
Definition
What are used to tell GeoServer when each of the authentication filters should be used?
Term
Authentication provider
Definition
What is responsible for taking the provided user credentials (ie user name and password) from the authentication filter and checking that they match what is expected?
Term
user/group service, role service
Definition
GeoServer makes use of a default ______ and ______ to store security configuration as XML files in your data directory.
Term
groups
Definition
Users can be listed as members of one or more ______, allowing security to be managed on blocks of users at a time.
Term
Role
Definition
Required for a user to access geospatial data or web service.
Term
ROLE_GROUP_ADMIN
Definition
______ allows limited access to the web administration application for the purpose of managing users and groups.
Term
Grants all users read access to the Natural Earth (ne) workspace.
Definition
In Data Security Rules, what does ne.*.r mean for * Role?
Term
Determines how GeoServer will treat layers that the user does not have permissions to view.
HIDE - Layer is hidden from the user
CHALLENGE - Layer is listed. When it is requested, GeoServer will ask for the user to provide credentials.
MIXED - Layer is hidden from the user. When it is requested, GeoServer will ask for the user to provide credentials.
Definition
In Data Security, what does Catalog Mode do?
Term
Grants all users who have logged in read access to the Natural Earth (ne) workspace.
Definition
In Data Security Rules, what does ne.*.r mean for ROLE_AUTHENTICATED Role?
Term
Root account
Definition
What allows access to GeoServer in the event of a configuration change that renders other logins impossible?
Term
Authentication filters
Definition
______ are used to check who a user is and filter requests accordingly.
Term
Authentication filter chains
Definition
______ are used to tell GeoServer when an authentication filter should be used.
Term
authentication provider
Definition
The ______ is responsible for taking the provided user credentials from the authentication filter and checking that they match what is expected.
Term
user/group service
Definition
The ______ is responsible for saving user and group information.
Term
role service
Definition
The ______ is responsible for saving role information.
Term
roles
Definition
Access to resources is determined by what ______ the user/group has access to.
Term
external authentication providers
Definition
JDBC and LDAP are examples of ______.
Term
Digest
Definition
What encryption is recommended unless you absolutely need reversible passwords?
Term
parents
Definition
Roles can inherit permissions from their ______.
Term
roles
Definition
Access to services and individual operations can be attached to ______.
Term
A hosted issue-tracking system accessible to anyone for GeoServer.
Definition
What is JIRA?
Term
Java stack trace
Definition
When an application problem occurs, it is usually recorded in the logs in the form of a ______.
Term
service exception document format
Definition
OGC services define a ______ that is used to display issues in response to a client request.
Term
Mapmeter
Definition
is a cloud-based subscription service application that connects to GeoServer and displays request information using charts, graphs, and maps.
Term
ogrinfo
Definition
What OGR command lists information about a vector dataset?
Term
ogr2ogr
Definition
What OGR command converts and manipulates vector data?
Term
sudo -u tomcat6
Definition
When using Linux, what command must precede file-modifying/creation ogr commands (at least at first)?
Term
Navigate to the proper directory using cd
Definition
Before using ogrinfo command on a known shapefile, what must be done first?
Term
5.1.1
Definition
5.1.1
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