Term
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Definition
force or energy that a moving object carries with it.
momentum can be transferred through collisions |
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Term
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Definition
objects mass multiplied by its velocity.
its a vector wuantity whose sign depends on its velocity |
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Term
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Definition
p=mv
momentum = mass x velocity |
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Term
| you can think of momentum as____________. |
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Definition
| the force or energy needed to stop a moving, massive object. |
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Term
| a change in momentum takes_____ |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| concept of time to momentum and states that a force applied over a time will change momentum due to the change in velocity |
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Term
| impulse momentum theorem formula |
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Definition
| force x time interval = change in momentum |
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Term
| energy is transferred in ___( ignoring _____) and ______ is conserved |
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Definition
collisions
friction
momentum |
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Term
| the law of conservation of momentum |
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Definition
| the total momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects |
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| momentum is also conserved for objects _____. follows newtons third law |
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Definition
pushing away from each other
related to newtons third law because the momenta are equal but opposite |
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Term
| during any collision the change in momentum of one object is _______ of the other object |
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Definition
| equal but opposite to the change in momentum |
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Term
| perefectly inelastic collisions |
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Definition
| collisions that involve two objects that move together after the collision including stationary objects. |
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Term
perfectly inelastic collisions
formula |
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Definition
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| objecrts in an inelastic collision are deformed during the collision and lose some ___________ |
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Definition
| kinetic energy to deformations, sound, and heat |
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Term
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Definition
| collisions that incolce two objects that remain seperate after the collision |
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Term
| in an elastic collision both___________ remain constant |
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Definition
| the total momentum and total kinetic energy |
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Term
| T/F most collisions are either elastic or perfectly inelastic |
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Definition
| False most are a combination of both |
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Term
| T/F objects in an elastic collision maintain or return to their original shape after the collision |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the units of momentum |
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Definition
kilograms x meters per second
kg*m/s |
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Term
| a ____ force may produce a large change in momentum by acting on a very massive object |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
a change in momentum takes force and time |
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Definition
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Term
| a bicycle rolling downward has momentum. what two things could increase the momentum? |
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Definition
| increase mass or velocity |
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Term
| if a net force acts on an object then the object's momentum will |
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Definition
| either decrease or increase |
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Term
| a ball whirled in a circular motion will move off in a straight line if the string breaks is due to what? |
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Definition
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| what term describes a force that causes an object to move in a circular path |
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Definition
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Term
| centripetal acceleration must involve a change in |
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Definition
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| explain what makes a passenger in a turning car slide toward the door of the car |
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Definition
| when the car turns, the inertia of the passenger keeps the passenger moving in the same direction that the car was initially moving. |
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Term
| what is the difference between tangential and centripetal acceleration |
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Definition
objects moving in a circular path undergoes centripetal acceleration because the object changes direction.
Tangential acceleration occurs when an object changes its speed around the path |
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Term
| what really happened with the apple? |
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Definition
The apple is accelerated, since its velocity changes from zero as it is hanging on the tree and moves toward the ground. Thus, by Newton's 2nd Law there must be a force that acts on the apple to cause this acceleration. Let's call this force "gravity", and the associated acceleration the "accleration due to gravity". |
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Term
| explain how Newton came to understand gravities true reach |
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Definition
if the force of gravity reaches to the top of the highest tree, might it not reach even further; in particular, might it not reach all the way to the orbit of the Moon! Then, the orbit of the Moon about the Earth could be a consequence of the gravitational force, because the acceleration due to gravity could change the velocity of the Moon in just such a way that it followed an orbit around the earth.
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Term
| explain the cannon example used to show how objects go into orbit |
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Definition
Newton reasoned that if the cannon projected the cannon ball with exactly the right velocity, the projectile would travel completely around the Earth, always falling in the gravitational field but never reaching the Earth, which is curving away at the same rate that the projectile falls. That is, the cannon ball would have been put into orbit around the Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| the mutual force of attraction between particles of matter |
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Term
| law of universal gravitation |
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Definition
| every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directed along the line of centers for the two objects that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the seperation between the two objects. |
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Term
| the force that the moon exerts on the earth is_____ to the force that Earth exerts on the moon. |
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Definition
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Term
| why does the moon revolve around the earth instead of the earth revolving around the moon? |
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Definition
| the centripetal forces cause the moon and earth to orbit around the center of mass. the earth has more mass so the moon revolves around the earth |
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Term
| how can a black hole trap light if light has no mass? |
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Definition
| black holes are so massive that nothing can escape it gravitational pull |
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Term
| first person to suggest black holes |
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Definition
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Term
| who coined the term black hole |
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Definition
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Term
| in order for an object to escape the gravitational pull of a planet, the____. |
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Definition
| object must be moving away from the planet faster than a certain threshold speed which is called the escape velocity. |
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Term
| how does the escape velocity of a black hole relate to the speed of light? |
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Definition
| the escape velocity for a blcak hole is greater than the speed of light. |
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Term
| why can't black holes be directly observed? |
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Definition
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Term
| why do tides occur on Earth |
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Definition
| tides are partially due to the gravitational force exerted on Earth by the moon. the tides result from the difference between the gravitational force at Earths surface and at Earths center |
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Term
| describe what produces a spring tide and neap tide? |
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Definition
| when the sun and moon are in line, the combined effect produces a greater than usual high tide called the spring tide. when the sun and moon at are right angles, the result is a lower than usual high tide called a neap tide |
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Term
| each revolution of the moon around the earth corresponds to _____ spring tides and _____ neap tides |
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Definition
| 2 spring tides and 2 neap tides |
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Term
| where are some of the worlds highest tides located and how much does it actually rise |
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Definition
bay of fundy
16 meters from its low point |
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Term
| how does newtons law of gravitation account for ocean tides? |
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Definition
| His law described why tides occur high and low tides are partly due to the gravitational force exerted on Earth by its moon. Tides result from the DIFFERENCE between the gravitational force at Earth’s surface and at Earth’s center |
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Term
| on the side of Earth that is nearrest to the moon, the moon's gravitation force is greater than it is at earths center because |
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Definition
| Gravitational force decreases with distance. The water is pulled toward the moon, creating an outward bulge. On the opposite side of Earth, the gravitational force is LESS than it is at the center. On this side, all mass is still pulled toward the moon, but the water is pulled least. This creates another outward bulge. |
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Term
| describe four other factors in tides besides the moon and the sun |
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Definition
- depths of ocean basins
- earths tilt
- earths rotation
- friction between ocean water and ocean floor
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Term
| is the suns effect on earths ocean tides more or less significant than the moon?why? |
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Definition
| sun exerts a greater force on the earth than the moon does, the difference between the force on the far and near sides of Earth |
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Term
| how did Henry Cavendish determine the value of G? |
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Definition
| In 1798, Henry Cavendish conducted an experiment that determined the value of the constant G. He put two small spheres fixed to the ends of suspended light rod. These two small spheres are attracted to two larger spheres by the gravitational forces. The angle of rotation is measured with a LIGHT BEAM and is then used to determine the gravitational force between the spheres. When the masses, the distance between them, and the gravitational force are know, Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be used to find G. Once the value of G is known, the law can be used again to find Earth’s mass. |
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Term
| why does wieght change with location |
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Definition
| Weight is the magnitude of the force due to gravity, which equals mass times free-fall acceleration: Fg = mag. We can now refine our definition of weight as mass x gravitational field strength: W = mag. |
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Term
| why do all masses fall with the same acceleration on eath when you disregard air resistance/ friction. |
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Definition
| The acceleration of objects in free fall on Earth’s surface is always the same confirms that the two types of masses are equal. A More massive object receives a greater gravitational force, but the object resists acceleration by just that amount. This is the reason ALL MASSES fall WITH THE SAME ACCELERATION ( disregarding air resistance of course). |
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| what causes satellites to stay in orbit around the earth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Constant of universal gravitation |
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Definition
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| escape velocity for Earth |
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Definition
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Term
| ther is a ____ relationship between gravitational force and distance |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F newtons laws are accurate for objects moving near the speed of light |
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Definition
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Term
| As your distance from earths center increase does the value of g increase or decrease |
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Definition
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| On the surface of any planet, the value of g (and your weight) will depend on TWO things…. What are they? |
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Definition
| mass and distance from the center |
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Term
| location of the aqueous humor |
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Definition
| between cornea and the pupil |
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Term
| name a function of tears besides keeping eye moist |
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Definition
provides oxygen exchange
prevents scattering
improves optical quality |
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Term
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Definition
| increased fluid pressure in the eye |
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Term
| two types of photoreceptors |
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Definition
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Term
electrical impulses are relayed to the brain through the
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Definition
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Term
| lens becomes yellow with age is called |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the vitriuos humor located |
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Definition
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Term
| what is vitriuos himor function |
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Definition
maintains eye shape
fills space between the lens and retina |
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Term
| what causes the blind spot in the eye |
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Definition
| no photo receptors at the location of the optic disk |
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Term
| photoreceptors responsive to color and in bright conditions are |
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Definition
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Term
| layer of tissue on the back portion of the eye that contains cells responsive to light |
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Definition
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Term
| circular band of muscles that controls the size of the pupil |
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Definition
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Term
| photoreceptors responsive in low light |
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Definition
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Term
| contains photoreceptors for vision |
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Definition
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Term
| the pigmentation of this part giver eye color |
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Definition
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| outermost transparent layer of the eye |
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Definition
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| transmits information to the brain |
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Definition
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| converts light rays into electrical impulses |
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Definition
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Term
| the ___ chamber is between the iris and the lens |
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Definition
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| the ____ gets its nutrition from aqueous humor and tears |
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Definition
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Term
pig kingdom? phylum? Subphylum?Class?Family?Genus?
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Definition
animalia
chordata
vertebrata
mammalia
suidae
sus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| becomes the cartilage within the vertebral column |
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Term
| dorsal hollow nerve chord |
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Definition
| fluid filled nerve that transmits impulses and helps form the central nervous system |
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Definition
| moves water through the pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| the vestigial structure called the coccyx |
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| one of the few animals that retains all 4 characteristics during adulthood |
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Definition
| lancelot of cephalochordata |
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Term
| vertebrates share what four charecteristics |
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Definition
cephalization
metammerism
endoskeleton
paired limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| defined by the gathering of ganglia, or nervous tissue in the anterior end (front/cranial). In complex mammals, this tissue forms the brain |
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| smallest mammalia and largest mammalia |
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Definition
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Definition
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| both meat and plant eater |
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| how many chambers does a mammal heart contain |
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Definition
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Term
| how many lobes does a human liver contain |
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Definition
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| how many lobes does a pig liver contain |
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Definition
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Term
| humans are bipedal and pigs are ___ |
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Definition
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| one sow can produce a liter of piglets that can range from |
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Definition
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| pigs have been used to help humans find |
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Definition
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| both males and females have nipples or____ |
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Definition
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