Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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| what are proteins made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the primary energy storage in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ribose, glucose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
sucrose is transport sugar in plants
glucose is transport sugar in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| water soluble principle storage in leaves and stems of grains |
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Term
| How do plants use polysaccharides? |
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Definition
| They hydrolize them into mono and disaccharides to ship them off to use as E |
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Term
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Definition
| structural polysaccharide and in fungal cell wall |
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Term
| two main cell types made of alpha glucose |
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Definition
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Term
| what is suberin lamellae made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are lipids usually used for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
sat: no dub bonds
un: dub bonds |
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Term
| what kind of wax covers the cuticle |
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Definition
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Term
| what do steroids do in plants |
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Definition
| stabalize cell mem and work as hormones |
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Term
| what do proteins make up in living dry weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do proteins make up in living dry weight? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large globular proteins that act as catalysts |
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Term
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Definition
| adenine and three phosphates |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules found in all plant cells that are necessary for life |
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Term
| secodary metabolites: 3 main groups |
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Definition
alkaloids
terpenoids
phenolics |
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Term
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Definition
| cocaine, nicotine, opium, henabane, caffeine |
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Term
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Definition
oils and mints
rubber tree--->latex
isoprene: blue haze
cardiac glycosides |
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Term
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Definition
tannin: vacuoles, waste
lignin: cork. lignification. cell wall
flavenoids: anthocyanin-blue colors
grape juice, wine...good for heart |
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Term
| two groups of prockaryotes |
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Definition
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Term
| aka cytoplasmic streaming |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| group of ribosomes on nuclear mem |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thylakoid mem, thylakoid granum, stroma thylakoid, stroma |
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Term
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Definition
etioplast: no light--with prolamellar bodies
leukoplast: amyloplast, make oil and protein
protoplast: plastid precursor |
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Term
| in what type of cell would you be most likely to see many proplastids? |
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Definition
| dividing cells and meristems |
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Term
| how do plastids reproduce |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the mitochondria do? |
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Definition
| convert ATP into chemical E |
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Term
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Definition
| sphere with one mem that self replicates. |
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Term
| three types of perozxisomes |
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Definition
1. ones with huge crystals
2. ones for photorespiration
3. glyoxysomes convert fat to sucrose in seeds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| where does the tonoplast come from |
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Definition
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Term
| what do calcium oxylate crystals do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| basically the fact that the mitochondria and chloroplasts were probably engulfed by the larger cells that they now are apart of |
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Term
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Definition
| peroxisome, glycosomes, glyoxysomes |
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Term
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Definition
| empty space with in an organelle |
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Term
| structure of the cell wall |
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Definition
b-glucose>micelles>microfibrils>macro..
microtubules line the inside of the MEMEBRANE and create rosettes that produce the macrofibrils
hemicellulose and pectin hold it all together |
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Term
| what makes calcium bridges? |
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Definition
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Term
| difference between amylose and amylopectin |
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Definition
amylose is unbranched starch
amylopectin is branched |
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Term
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Definition
| structural protein found in cell wall |
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Term
| what type of secondary metabolite is lignin and where is it deposited in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lubricant that the root cap sluffs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| layer of root cells that have amyloplasts and respond to gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| the very tip of the shoot apex where the cells have not differentiated |
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Term
| closed/open type of apical organization |
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Definition
closed: each cell strain has own initials/derivative
open: everything arises fromt the same initials. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| two main functions of the root |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| area behind the apical meristem that doesn't really divide it organizes cells |
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Term
| three layers of root growth |
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Definition
region of cell division
region of elongation
region of maturation |
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Term
| three types of meristematic tissue |
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Definition
| protoderm, endoderm and ground tissue |
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Term
| is epidermis water resistant? |
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Definition
| no, you fucking idiot. plants love their goddamn water! |
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Term
| what is the layer of soil next to the roots? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thick proteneous tubes made of alpha and beta tubulin |
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Term
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Definition
| for locomotion. made of two strands of actin molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| microtubules that lie underneath the membrane and attach to rosettes and direct the synthesis of the cell wall components |
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Term
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Definition
| something plants produce so herbavores don't want to eat them |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that makes its own food from light energy |
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Term
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Definition
| organism that makes its own food from chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| band between in the primary wall/middle lamella to keep h20 out |
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Term
| how does water move through vascular tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
trachieds
vessel elements (have perforations) |
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Term
| what has trachery elements (xylem or phloem?) |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the components of the phloem? |
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Definition
sieve elements
1. sieve cells (gymnosperms)
2. sieve tube elements (angiosperms) |
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Term
| where and what is callose? |
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Definition
| its a polysaccharide found in phloem and protects against cuts |
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Term
| where and what is p-slime? |
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Definition
| phloem. It is made protein. Protects against cuts like callose |
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Term
| what types of cells have huge secondary walls? |
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Definition
| sclerieds (the little stones in pears) |
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Term
| what do amyloplasts hold? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| semi-crystaline structures that occur in some plastids. (peroxiomes) |
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Term
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Definition
| plastids grown in the dark |
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Term
| what is the other name for the golgi app.? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the components of the chloroplast? |
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Definition
| stroma, thylakoid membrane (in grana or in stroma) |
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Term
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Definition
| continuation of the ER that connects cells |
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Term
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Definition
| actual "hole" in the cell wall that acts as a channel between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| area of free flowing cytoplasm between the desmotubule and plasmodesmota |
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Term
| what types of molecule use beta glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| types of meristematic divisions and what cells do them |
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Definition
anticlinal: sheild like (epidermis L1)
periclinal: up and down (ground tissue L3) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| albuminous/companion cells |
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Definition
work with the phloem
albuminous:seive cells
companion: seive tube elements |
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Term
| which side of the golgi apparatus is the trans side? |
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Definition
| the one facing the cell membrane |
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Term
| calcium oxylate is found in what? |
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Definition
| raphides and druses and sometimes peroxisomes |
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Term
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Definition
| protein found in the cell wall to give support and help growth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what causes secondary growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| layers of epidermis (starting outside and moving inwards) |
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Definition
epidermis
periderm which consists of:
--cork/phellem
--cork cambium/pheelogen
--phelloderm |
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Term
| what are aerenchyma cells for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| proteins in the cellular membrane that bind well to specific carbs |
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Definition
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