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Botany
Botany
36
Biology
Undergraduate 2
02/06/2017

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Term
acid
Definition
any substance that increases the concentration of free protons
Term
amylose
Definition
a simple unbranched polysaccharide containing only glucose residues. Much of starch
Term
cation
Definition
a positively charged ion
Term
phospholipid
Definition
a type of lipid containing two fatty acids and a phosphate group bound to glycerol
Term
polar molecule
Definition
a molecule that has a partial positive charge at one site and a partial negative charge at another site
Term
apoplast
Definition
the intercellular spaces and cell walls of a plant; all the volume of a plant that is not occupied by protoplasm
Term
intrinsic protein
Definition
a protein that is an integral part of the membrane, deeply embedded in it; it cannot be washed out of the membrane easily
Term
symplast
Definition
the protoplasm of all the cells in a plant are interconnected by plasmodesmata
Term
thylakoid
Definition
the photosynthetic membranes of the chloroplast
Term
tonoplast
Definition
the vacuolar membrane
Term
codon
Definition
in mRNA, a set of three nucleotides that specifies an amino acid to be incorporated into a protein
Term
mutation
Definition
any change in the sequence of DNA
Term
phragmoplast
Definition
during cell division, the __ is a set of short microtubules oriented parallel to the spindle microtubules; it catches dictyosome vesicles and guides them to the site where the new cell wall is forming
Term
synapsis
Definition
the pairing of homologous chromosomes during zygotene of prophase I of meiosis. Precedes crossing over
Term
zygote
Definition
the diploid cell formed as the result of the fusion of two gametes
Term
replication fork
Definition
in DNA replication, the point at which the double helix opens and formation of new DNA occurs
Term
somatic mutation
Definition
a mutation in a cell that is not a gamete and does not give rise to gametes
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
a situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles of a heterozygote are expressed
Term
natural selection
Definition
The preferential survival, in natural conditions, of those individuals whose alleles cause them to be more adapted than other individuals with different alleles
Term
speciation
Definition
the conversion of one species or population of a species into a new species
Term
Abscission zone
Definition
The region at the base of an organ, such as a leaf or fruit, in which the cells die and tear permitting the organ to fall cleanly away from the stem with a minimum of damage
Term
primary growth
Definition
the production of new cells by shoot and root apical meristems and leaf promordia
Term
vasular bundle
Definition
A column of vascular tissue, typically both  xylem and phloem together but in leaves sometimes only consisting of one or the other
Term
vessle element
Definition
a xlem conducting cell that has one or two perforations- a complete large hole in the primary wall that permits water to flow easily from one vessel member to another
Term
sieve cell
Definition
The phloem conducting cell in nonangiosperms; ___ are long and tapered with small sieve areas over much of their surfaces
Term
Palisade parenchyma
Definition
Any part of leaf mesophyll in which the cells are elongate and aligned parallel to each other
Term
Secondary xylem
Definition
Xylem derived from the casular cambium
Term
Ray
Definition
In secondary xylem and phloem, a radical series of cells produced by ray initials
Term
ca
Definition
Term
casparian strip
Definition
a layer of impermeable lignin and suberin in the walls of endodermal cells, preventing diffusion of material through that portion of the wall
Term
tracheid
Definition
A xylem-conducting cell; ___ tend to be long and tapered and they never have perforation- a complete hole in the primary wall as vessel elements do
Term
Water Potential
Definition
The chemical potential of water; a measure of the ability of a substance to absorb or release water relative to another substance
Term
Sink
Definition
In phloem transport, any organ or tissue that receives material transported by the phloem
Term
cavitation
Definition
in xylem, the breaking of a water colum when tension over comes the cohesive nature of water; an embolism forms
Term
aquaporin
Definition
A membrane protein that permits water to cross the membrane rapidly
Term
Adhesive
Definition
A property of water is that its molecules interact with many other substances, it is ___
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