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botany
college botany vocabulary ch.1-2 terms
68
Plant Sciences
Undergraduate 1
09/08/2012

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Term
Cytology
Definition
The study of cells
Term
Plasmallema
Definition
Membrane to keep things seperate found in both animal cells and plant cells
Term
phospholipid bilayer
Definition
2 bilipid layers surrounding cell
Term
selective permibility
Definition
cells ability to often select how much water gets into cell
Term
protoplasm
Definition
entire contents of cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
parts around nucleus
Term
cytosol
Definition
makes up cytoplasm (liquid)
Term
organell
Definition
speciallized part of cell with specific function
Term
Vacuolle
Definition
Pocket for storage of proteins and neutriants in cell
Term
Tonoplast
Definition
membrane surrounding vacuole
Term
Cell Sap
Definition
Liquid part of Vacuole
Term
Turgor Pressure
Definition
Force holding cell together and pushing membrane back
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
Reponsable for Photosynthesis/ energy production of cell
Term
Thylakoid
Definition
Where the sun hits that produces the photosynthesis proteins (energy)
Term
Grana
Definition
multilayerd membrane unit (flat stacks)
Term
chromoplast
Definition
plastids that contain and produce pigments
Term
Cytoskeliton
Definition
Network of protein filaments and tubules
Term
Actin Filaments
Definition
Thin flexible fibers
Term
microtubules
Definition
thick hollow rods
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
carbohydrate consiting of multiple sugar molequels bonded together
Term
pectin
Definition
Soluble polysacharide
Term
hemicellulose
Definition
any of several polysacharides (matrix), that are present with celloluse in plant cell walls.
Term
cellulose
Definition
Complex carbohydrate that forms main cell wall in plants
Term
cellulose synthase
Definition
Synthanises transfer of glucose
Term
middle lamella
Definition
pecine layer which cements cell wall
Term
primary pit fields
Definition
thin area between 2 cell walls for transfer, holes allways lined up
Term
pit
Definition
cavity/hole in cell wall, but with NO secondary wall to breach
Term
plasmodesmata
Definition
microscopic channels in cell for transport
Term
Definition
space between plasmadesmada that forms and is filled with fluid to constrict the "cannals" or plasmadesmada
Term
lignin
Definition
strong complex chemical that binds the cells
Term
pit membrane
Definition
closes pit externally
Term
mitosis
Definition
cell division
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
stage of cell cycle where where cytoplasm divides into two identical nuclei
Term
free nuclear division
Definition
process by which nucleus divides
Term
interphase
Definition
Phase where cell spend majority of time preparing for cell division
Term
G1
Definition
Major period of growth before first checkpoint
Term
differentation
Definition
less speciallized cell becoming more specialized
Term
checkpoint
Definition
point where cell must have special conditions present to move on to next stage of cell cycle
Term
S
Definition
cell replication occures
Term
phragmoplast
Definition
specific structure for cellplate assymbly
Term
cell plate
Definition
between daughter cells formed during s phase and cytokenisis
Term
tissue
Definition
group of cells with similiar purpose
Term
tissue system
Definition
three types of systems each providing support
Term
organ
Definition
functional structual unit in plant
Term
parenchyma
Definition
primary tissue of plants forming majority of leaves and fruit
Term
aerenchyma
Definition
spaces or air channels in leaves
Term
collenchyma
Definition
unevenly thick walls in young tissue systems (leaves). Ranges from thin to thick
Term
sclerenchyma
Definition
usually dead, evenly thick, cell walled tissue
Term
sclereids
Definition
cells with thick secondary walls usually the gritty texture in pares
Term

Tracheary elements

Definition
conducting cell in xylem
Term
dermal tissue system
Definition
protects soft tissues of plants
Term
Epidermis
Definition
singled layerd group of cells that cover plant
Term
stomata
Definition
microscopic pore for c02 release
Term
trichomes
Definition
small hair/outergrowth on plant leaf varying in function(s)
Term
Cortex
Definition
unspeciallized tissue or usually the outer layer of stem/bark
Term
mesophyll
Definition
photosynthetic parenchyma cells between upper and lower epidermis
Term
vascular tissue
Definition
tissue that conducts water through the plant
Term
complex tissue
Definition
more than one type of cell working together as a cohesive unit
Term
xylem
Definition
conducts and disolves water and neutriants in an upword direction
Term
tracheids
Definition
basic unit of xylem made of celluose thickend with lignin
Term
bordered pits
Definition
pit with extension of secondary wall
Term
vessel elements
Definition
water conducting cell in xylem (transporter)
Term
performation plate
Definition
remains of end walls between ajacent vessel ellements
Term
Phloem
Definition
LIVING tissue, carries neutriants to storage, SOFT tissue, and is BI directional
Term
sieve tube element
Definition
food conducting cell, living at birth but no nucleus
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