Term
|
Definition
-No ring of vascular bundles
-No organized pith
-No vascular cambium
-No cork cambium |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Organized ring of vascular bundles
-ground tissue is located between epidermis and vascular tissue
-Pith is in center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-regulate the loading and unloading of sucrose from sieve elements
-Transports dissolved sucrose under positive pressure
-Pushed along versus drawn up
-Transport takes ATP |
|
|
Term
| Transportation of Sucrose |
|
Definition
-Sucrose draws water into sieve element by osmosis, raises turgor pressure and pushes sucrose toward sink
-Phloem Companion cells regulate the loading and unloading of sucrose from sieve elements
-Transports dissolved sucrose under positive pressure
-Pushed along versus drawn up |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| functions: anchors plant in soil, absorbs water and minerals, storage of minerals, conduction of water and solutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Elongation of roots and shoots
-cells elongate by filling up their vacuoles with water increasing the turgor pressure |
|
|
Term
| The meristems that give rise to plant secondary growth are? |
|
Definition
-caused by division on lateral meristems
-vascular cambium: xylem and pholem
-cork cambium |
|
|
Term
| 2ndary growth cortex cells and features |
|
Definition
-living, only have primary cell wall
-not suberized (suberin is a waxy substance)
-Many intercelluar spaces tp allow gas exchane
-Go through celluar respiration
-contains amyloplasts
-contains endodermis |
|
|
Term
| Roots and Fungi (mycorrhizal) relationship and functions |
|
Definition
Mycorrhizal are fungi associated with many plant roots:
-Fungi absorb dissolved minerals from soil for plant
-Plant provides sugars for fungus
-citrus trees, orchards and gymnosperms are difficult to grow without it |
|
|
Term
| Soil Bacteria Rhizobium function |
|
Definition
| -Uses the enzyme nitrogenase to covert nitrogen into NH3 ammonia i exchange for carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dicots, as they continue on into secondary growth, have vascular and cork cambium grow each year and stopping in winter
-ring width decreases with age
-length stays the same |
|
|
Term
| Characteristic features used to identify leaves |
|
Definition
-Arrangement
-opposite, alternate
-Type
-simple or compound
-Shape
-Venation
-Vein arrangement
-Margin
-serrated |
|
|
Term
| Feature used to identify winter twigs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
-essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2ndary xylem,
-Cork Cambium,
-2ndary phloem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-roots that grow on other plant parts other than the roots Ex.
-Prop roots
-support the stem
-Anchorage roots
-to secure positioning in soil
-Lateral roots
-aid plants in climbing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -to increase surface area for moisture and nutrient absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Dead
-Prevent water loss by 2o cell walls being suberized, imperable to water and no intercellular spaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tracheids:
-single cells
-no openings
-Vessels:
-
-several cells arranged end to end with dissolved cross walls |
|
|
Term
| Vascular tissue of gymnosperms versus angiosperms |
|
Definition
| -gymnosperms don’t have vessels in their xylem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Makes up cortex, pith of stems, and roots
-Function is to transport water and nutrients and store nutrients such as starch . |
|
|
Term
| extracellular component of the root cap |
|
Definition
| large amounts of mucigel (keeps roots from drying out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -to store water and starch |
|
|
Term
The three primary meristems that apical meristems give rise to are
(Pro2G Protege) |
|
Definition
-protoderm
-ground meristem
-procambium |
|
|
Term
| Two structural differences between phloem sieve elements and xylem tracheids |
|
Definition
-tracheids have no openings. When together they form pits
-phloem sieve tubes’walls are full of small pores |
|
|
Term
| three cellular zones of the subapical region of the root |
|
Definition
| -cellular division -cellular elongation -cellular maturation |
|
|
Term
| structural characteristic of meristematic tissue |
|
Definition
| -six sided, boxlike, with proportionately large nucleus, usually near the center with tiny vacuoles or no vacuoles at all. However, with maturation the vacuoles grow large and often occupy more than 90% of the volume of the cell |
|
|
Term
| stele of a root is composed of |
|
Definition
-vascular tissues (xylem, phloem)
-pericycle
-pith |
|
|
Term
| Two structural differences between monocot and dicot stems are |
|
Definition
-no secondary growth
-no pith |
|
|
Term
| The meristems that give rise to plant secondary growth |
|
Definition
-vascular cambium
-cork cambium |
|
|
Term
| The plant hormone responsible for the activity of the vascular cambium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cells produced by the vascular cambium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Four environmental factors that affect the transpiration rate |
|
Definition
| -Light, -temperature -humidity -wind |
|
|
Term
| Give the common name, genus and species names, and a couple of sentences of interesting information about three plant organisms of your choice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-found at the tips of all stems and roots
-lateral meristems (the cambium, the vascular cambium, and the cork cambium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Structural Specialization of roots that enhance water absorption |
|
Definition
-root hairs
-pericycle
-hypodermis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of the Casparian Strip |
|
Definition
| -suberin bands which impregnate the endodermis, whose cells are then fused with the subering bands and are perpendicular to the root’s surface |
|
|
Term
| Three plant structural adaptations that reduce water loss |
|
Definition
-casparian strip/endodermis
-needles instead of regular leaves
-bark |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-transport fluids between roots and leaves
-provide support for upright growth
-spread out branches and leaves/create surface area in order to gain more sunlight |
|
|
Term
| Water molecules adhere to each other and the cellulose of cell walls by........... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monocots or Dicots typically have a fibrous root system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Most plants associate with mycorrhizal fungi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples plants with taproot systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Members ofh te family Fabeaceae are chracterized by? |
|
Definition
| Root nodules (a small swelling associated with nitrogen fixing bacteria that invade the roots of leguminous plants |
|
|
Term
| Location of phloem tissue in monocot roots is? |
|
Definition
| Inside endodermis; outside of the pith |
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