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| All interrelated biochemical processes that take place in a living organism |
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| The process by which plants produce food using energy from the sun |
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| Organisms that can make their own food |
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| Organisms that depend on autotrophs to make their food (eat other organisms) |
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| Name the three types of photosynthesis |
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Definition
| 1. Plants 2. Algae 3. Bacteria |
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| ___________ is where photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae |
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| The ____ is the primary site of photosynthesis |
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| Most photosynthesis is performed in _________ cells |
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Definition
| The liquid material inside of chloroplasts that surrounds thylakoids |
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Definition
| Network of membranes immersed within stroma in stacks called grana |
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| What's it called when thylakoids stack on one another? |
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Definition
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| Electrons used in photosynthesis will come from |
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Definition
| Water contained in the thylakoid compartment |
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Term
| The steps of photosynthesis will take place in either : |
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Definition
| Within the thylakoid membrane or in the stroma surrounding thylakoids |
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Term
| The green color of plants is from |
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Definition
| Chlorophyll, the green pigment within chloroplasts |
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Term
| What drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast? |
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Definition
| Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll |
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| ___ enters the leaf through microscopic pores called stomata |
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| ____ exits the leaf through the microscopic pores called stomata |
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| A typical mesophyll cell has this many chloroplasts |
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Definition
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| What are the 2 primary parts of a chloroplast? |
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Definition
-Energy for most cellular activity
-Releases energy when bonds break
-Plants make ATP using light
-Takes place in chloroplast and other green parts |
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Term
| What percent of water absorbed by plants is used in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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| What molecule is released as a by-product of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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| What happens to stomata when there's a short supply of water or too high of light intensity? |
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Definition
| It closes reducing the supply of carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis |
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Definition
Electron carrier molecules, carries electrons to and from various molecules
-have an empty and full state |
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Term
| 2 primary stages of photosynthesis |
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Definition
1. Light Reactions -sunlight is converted to energy -produces energy
2. Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions) -Carbon molecules are bound to sugar -requires energy |
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Term
| Light Reactions in detail |
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Definition
| -split water -release oxygen -NADP+ gains electrons to form NADPH -some ATD is generated from ATP -Chloroplast contains 2 photosystems (PS1&PS2) |
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Definition
| require light & water, produces energy (ATP&NADPH) utilizes energy to form sugars |
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Definition
-Electrons are brought together with CO2 and a sugar
-CO2 combines w/RuBP & convert to sugars
-The product is a high energy sugar in a process powered by ATP that is produced in the light reaction |
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Term
| Molecules in the Calvin Cycle |
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Definition
| RuBP - Rubisco - ATP&NADPH - G3P |
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Term
| What is the product from calvin cycle? |
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Definition
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| What are the 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle? |
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Definition
1. Carbon fixation catalyzed by rubisco
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor RuBP |
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Definition
| one CO@ molecule enters cycle then binds to RuBP and after 3 turns of the cycle a 3carbon molecule (sugar) is generated G3P |
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| G3P are usually immediately converted to |
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Definition
| glucose, sucrose, fructose or other mono/disaccharides |
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| G3P is ultimately converted to |
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Definition
| polysaccharides - starch, cellulose |
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| complex structural molecules |
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Definition
| a process in which rubisco binds with oxygen rather than carbon dioxide caused by closed stomata due to high temperature rises |
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| Benefits of C4 photosynthesis |
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Definition
| allows the plant to better maximize CO2 use and not have to open stomata as often (lose less water) |
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Term
| What happens in C4 photosynthesis |
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Definition
| CO2 is bound into a 4 carbon compound in specific cells before it moves into the calvin pathway |
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| Benefits of CAM photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Plants lose less water because the cooler temperatures at night decrease transpiration |
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Term
| What happens in CAM photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| Plants take in CO2 at night and turn it into sugar during the day |
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