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Botany-Ch.3/4
cell/tissue types
23
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/20/2006

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Term
what does xylem transport? what does phloem transport?
Definition
xylem - water and minerals
phloem - carbohydrates (sucrose)
Term
what does 'source-sink relationship' refer to?
Definition
-direction of transport in phloem. Carbohydrate source (photosynthesizing leaves, storage roots, storage areas)
Carb. sink (developing fruit, actively growing stem tips, buds, developing parts)
Term
what are three plastids?
Definition
Chloroplasts - green
Chromoplasts - red/yellow/orange
Leucoplasts - colorless
Term
what plastids store starch? oils?
Definition
starch - amyloplasts
oil - elaioplasts
Term
how are eukaryotic plant cells different from animal? (6)
Definition
1. have a cell wall
2. form cell plate in telophase
3. have large central vacuole
4. have plastids
5. no centrioles
6. no lysomes
Term
where is cell sap located? what is found in it? is it generally acidic or basic?
Definition
in large central vacuole.
wastes, oils, salts, sugars, proteins, water,some pigments (anthocyanin), specific compounds/molecules (nicotine)
-acidic
Term
what is the chemical makeup of the cellulose?
Definition
polymer of glucose molecules linked with beta 1-4 linkages
Term
what does the cell wall consist of?
Definition
1. cellulose
2. microfibrils
3. macrofibrils
4. pectins
Term
what do primary walls have that secondary don't? what do secondary walls have that primary don't?
Definition
no pectin in secondary
no lignin in primary
Term
what is the middle lammella made of? where is it located? what does it do? (2)
Definition
made of pectins
located outside of cell wall between adjacent cells
cements cells together, waterproofs
Term
what are the 'holes' in secondary walls called? what runs through them connecting cells for communication?
Definition
pits, plasmodesmata
Term
what are merristematic tissues? non-merristematic?
Definition
merristematic - actively dividing cells or cells that retain the ability to divide
non-merristematic - not actively growing
Term
what are some possible roles of parenchyma?
Definition
photosynthesis, storage
Term
what type of cell has abnormally thick primary walls and no secondary? what function does it serve?
Definition
collenchyma, provides support for actively growing regions
Term
what are the two types of sclerencyma?
Definition
fibers - longer than wide
sclereids - isodiametric (equal diameters around), or anisodiametric (with 'arms')
Term
what are 5 comlex non-merristematic tissues?
Definition
1. xylem
2. phloem
3. epidermis
4. periderm
5. secretory
Term
what are the three parts of the epidermis?
Definition
stomates, guard cells, cuticle
Term
what are the differences between xylem vessel elements and tracheids? are the alive or dead at maturity?
Definition
vessels - larger in diameter, open-ended or with bar-like strips on ends, transport more water
tracheids - smaller in diameter, pitted end walls, transports less water but filters air/gas bubbles
-both dead at maturity
Term
what are the cell types of xylem?
Definition
1. xylem parenchyma
2. fibers
3. tracheids
4. vessel members/elements
5. rays of parenchyma (wood)
Term
what are the cell types of phloem? which one stains red?
Definition
1. phloem parenchyma
2. phloem fibers (red)
3. sieve tube members/cells
4. companion cells
5. rays of parenchyma (wood)
Term
how do xylem and phloem differ in gymnosperms?
Definition
xylem - tracheids only, no fibers
phloem - companion cells called albuminous cells
Term
what are some examples of substances associated with secretory tissue?
Definition
nectar, oils, resins, waxes, poisons, latex, enzymes, glue
Term
what are the three parts of the periderm from inside-out?
Definition
phelloderm, phellogen, cork
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