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Definition
| Versions of a gene that differ from each other in their nucleotide sequences |
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| Inheritance of genes from two parents, the most common case for nuclear genes. |
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Definition
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| A situation in which the presence of one allele completely masks the presence of the homologous allele. |
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| The fertilization of a gamete by a genetically distinct gamete derived from a different parent. |
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Definition
| a mutation involving loss of DNA |
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| A cross in which two characters are considered simultaneously |
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Definition
| The DNA-synthesizing enzyme. |
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Definition
| A trait whose phenotype completely masks that of the alternative (recessive) allele in the heterozygous condition. |
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Definition
| The control of the expression of one gene by another, distinct gene, often involving the genes for the various enzymes catalyzing a single metabolic pathway. |
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Term
| first filial generation (F1) |
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Definition
| The progeny of an experimental cross. |
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Definition
| A set of several copies of an ancestral gene, all located within a single haploid genome. The various copies arise through gene duplication and then may evolve independently. |
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Definition
| The set of alleles present in an organism`s genome |
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Definition
| A diploid organism with two different alleles for a particular gene. |
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Definition
| A diploid organism with two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
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Definition
| A situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles of a heterozygote are expressed. |
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Definition
| In a double heterozygote, the distribution of one allele of one gene during meiosis is not linked to the distribution of either allele of the homologous gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation involving insertion of the new DNA into a sequence of pre-existing DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small transposable element that contains only the genes coding for the enzymes necessary for the element's excision and insertion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation in which a portion of the DNA double helix is excised, turned end for end, and ligated into place with reverse order. |
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Definition
| An allele whose expression results in death. |
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Definition
| A set of genes that do not undergo independent assortment, being part of one chromosome. |
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Definition
| Genes located close to each other on a chromosome undergo crossing over only rarely, so they are attached. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the separation of genes on a chromosome; one unit equals a 1% probability that crossing over will occur between them. |
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Definition
| Uniparental inheritance for genes contributed by the megagamete but not by the microgamete. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cross in which only a single trait is analyzed, disregarding all other traits. |
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Definition
| Any chemical or physical force that causes a change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any change in the sequence of DNA. |
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Definition
| During meiosis II, the nonseparation of the two chromatids of a chromosome, such that one daughter cell received both while the other daughter cell receives none. |
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Term
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Definition
| During DNA replication, the set of short fragments that grow discontinuously along one strand of DNA and must be ligated into one continuous DNA molecule. |
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Definition
| Synonym for cross fertilization. |
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Definition
| The original genes in a crossbreeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chromosome that, after meiosis, has not undergone crossing over |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical, observable characteristics of an organism. |
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Definition
| The multiple phenotypic expressions of a single allele whose activity affects various aspects of metabolism. |
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Definition
| A mutation affecting only a single nucleotide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a nucleus that contains three or more sets of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| During DNA replication, a short piece of RNA that is synthesized against open DNA and from which DNA polymerase can begin buidling a new molecule of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The table used to easily analysis the results of a cross. |
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Term
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Definition
| The homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive genotypes of a line which are selfed and used in breeding experiments. |
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Term
| quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis |
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Definition
| Most phenotype characters are the result of interactions of many genes (loci); this analysis involved numerous crosses to determine just how much various genes contributed to a particular phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| A trait whose phenotype is completely masked by that of the alternative (dominant) allele in the heterozygous condition. |
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Definition
| A chromosome that results from crossing over in meiosis, being composed of parts of the paternal and maternal homologs. |
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Term
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Definition
| In DNA replication, the point at which the d ouble helix opens and formation of new DNA occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| During DNA replication, a short segment of DNA that has opened and where replication is occurring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollinating a plant's stigma with pollen from the same plant or a plant of identical genotype. |
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Term
| semiconservative replication |
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Definition
| Refers to the fact that during DNA replication, one new molecule is paired with one original molecule such that in every new chromosome, half the DNA is conserved from the pre-existing chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation in a cell that is not a gamete and does not give rise to gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cross involving one parent known to be homozygous recessive for the trait being considered |
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Term
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Definition
| A region of DNA that codes for enzymes that catalyze the release of the element and its insertion into a different site in the DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large transposable element that carries, in addition to the insertion sequence, other genes that code for proteins not directly associated with transposition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nucleus that contains three sets of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inheritance of genes from just one parent, the most common case for plastid and mitochondrial genes; sperm cells typically do not contribute these organelles to the zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of spots, stripes, or patches in leaves or other organs, caused by plastid mutations |
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