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| The cell of a prokaryotic wall is made of this |
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| Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have: |
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Definition
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
DNA (linear or circular)
Cell walls (diff substances)
Nucleus
DNA - chromatin |
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| region of DNA where nucleolus is agrigated, floating are copies of genes, ready to go out into cell |
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contain pigments other than chlorophyll
Ex: carotenoids |
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| (white) Amyloplast synthesize starch. Others synthesize a variety of compounds including oils, purines and pyrimidines (nucleotides), amino acids, fatty acids. |
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| Mitochondria, plastids, and prokaryotes are what size? |
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| amino acids during protein synthesis |
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Bound by single membrane
Function: site of photorespiration. |
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| contain enzymes to convert stored fats to glucose during seed germination. Glucose can go into respiration to make ATP |
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| highly reactive. Peroxisomes protect cell from peroxides which are sometimes made in the cell |
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Definition
| membrane around the vacuole |
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| flattened sacs or cisternae with ribosomes attached on the outer surface; involved in protein synthesis. Flatter. Protein is synthesized on surface and then excreted into rough ER |
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| lacks ribosomes, largely tubular, involved in lipid synthesis. Rounder. Lipid synthesis |
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Definition
| connects the ER of adjacent cells |
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Stacks of flattened disc-shaped sacs
2 surfaces: forming and maturing
Stacks between the two surfaces - middle cisternae
Trans-Golgi network = additional compartment on the maturing face (see fig 3.21)
Functions: Involved in secretion. Non cellulosic cell wall (pectins, hemicellulose). Polysaccharides. Glycoproteins are secreted and stored in the vacuole |
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Definition
| microtubules and actin filaments |
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| thin cylindrical structures composed of tubulin subunits (alpha and beta). They play in a role in cell division, the growth of the cell wall, and the movement of flagella. |
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Definition
| composed of the protein actin. They play a role in cytoplasmic streaming. Actin is a 4th degree molecule, made up of smaller things. |
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Term
| primary cell wall composed of |
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Definition
| cellulose fibers cross linked with noncellulosic molecules, including hemicelluloses, pectins, and glycoproteins (recognition signals). |
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Term
| Secondary cell walls contains |
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Definition
| hemicelluloses but lack proteins and glycoproteins. They are often strengthened with lignin, which adds compressive strength and rigidity to the cell wall. |
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| transmits water in a tube |
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Definition
| all living things are composed of cells which reproduce and pass on their genetic information |
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| 3 features of plant cells that distinguish them from animcal cells |
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Definition
| Cell wall, plastids, and vacuoles |
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Definition
| cisternal - flat and wide |
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| What does the cortical ER do? |
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| stabilizes and anchors the cytoskeleton of the cell |
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Term
| 2 major types of lipids in plant cells |
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Definition
| phospholipids (the more abundant) and sterols. |
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| short carbohydrate chain believed to play a role in the recognition of molecules that interact with the cell |
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| protein completely crosses and is on both sides of the membrane |
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Definition
| part of steroid family of molecules with 4 rings. Stabilize the phospholipids. |
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| the function of carbohydrates in the membrane |
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Definition
| serve as recognition sights |
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| less solute outside the cell, causes to shrink |
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| more solute outside the cell, causes cell to grow |
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Definition
| active transport through cell membrane by use of proteins and ATP |
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| the process by which cells use chemical messengers to communicate. (esp chemical hormones) |
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| important pathways in cell-to-cell communication. Large molecules, including viruses, can move from cell to cell |
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Definition
| the interconnected protoplasts (everything living) and their plasmodesmata |
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Definition
| The cell wall continuum surrounding the symplast |
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Definition
| the potential energy of water |
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| concentration of dissolved substances. Ex sugar, salt |
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| the potential energy of water. 100% in distilled water |
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| If solutions A and B have the same solute concentration (and thus the same water potential) they are isotonic. |
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If solution A has a lower solute concentration (higher water potential)
than solution B, A is hypotonic to B. (Hypo - less than) |
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| If solution A has a higher solute concentration (lower water potential) than solution B, A is hypertonic to B. |
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Term
| vesicle-mediated transport |
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Definition
| Large molecules and particles cross membranes via |
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Term
| Three forms of endocytosis are known |
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Definition
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Definition
| (white) Amyloplast synthesize starch. Others synthesize a variety of compounds including oils, purines and pyrimidines (nucleotides), amino acids, fatty acids. |
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Definition
| chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts |
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Definition
| the interconnected protoplasts and their plasmodesmata |
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| everything that makes up a living cell |
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Definition
| cell wall continuum surrounding the symplast |
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