Shared Flashcard Set

Details

BOT 3802 Exam 2
Fruits and Legumes
69
Plant Sciences
Undergraduate 2
10/19/2011

Additional Plant Sciences Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Rosaceae Family
Definition
Apples, pears, quince, peaches, cherries, plums, apricots, strawberries, almonds, blackberries, and raspberries.
Term
Apricot
Definition
"Seed of the Sun"; Drupe; All parts edible but the pit; Leading producer is Turkey; Associated with healthy life in Hunza
Term
Cherry
Definition
Two distinct types: sweet and sour; Drupe; Anthrocyanins in cherries created a medical interest about potential benefits for reducing pain and inflammation. Stone fruit.
Term
Apple
Definition
Pome; eat the mesocarp; accessory fruit from a semi-inferior ovary; used for jam, juice, and jelly. In Greek mythology they were considered symbols of immortality, knowledge, and temptation. Johnny Appleseed- spread apples throughout the U.S. Health benefits: Quercetin, pectin, and tannin.
Term
Almonds
Definition
Native to Central Asia. California is leading producer; drupes; Almond pits contain cyanide precursor called Amygdalin causes almond flavor. Almond milk. Almonds are healthy.
Term
Ericaceae
Definition
Blueberry, cranberry; Native to North America
Term
Blueberry
Definition
Superfruit-antioxidant powerhouse; From inferior ovary; Used for pie; Eat all parts; Berry
Term
Cranberry
Definition
Superfruit-Antioxidant powerhouse ; inferior ovary; North American fruit; Used for juice; Popular at Thanksgiving
Term
Cucurbitaceae
Definition
Watermelon, Luffa, Bottle Gourd, Cantaloupe, honeydew, Cucumber, Chayote, Squash, Zucchini
Term
Watermelon
Definition
Pepo, Consume mesocarp and endocarp; native to Africa; China is leading producer, give them as symbol of truth, joy, happiness, sincerity; Thick leathery exocarp, numerous seed; High in acidity and water content, as well as vitamin A and C.
Term
Luffa
Definition
Young tender fruit is used as a veggie; Chinese Okra; Dried into natural sponge
Term
Bottle Gourde
Definition
Dry rind is us as a vessel; origin in Africa; Young tender fruit is used as a veggie
Term
Anacardiaceae
Definition
Mango, Pistachios, Cashew, Poison Ivy
Term
Mango
Definition
Native to India- symbol of goodness, sacred; Drupe; Leathery skin; Cooked as veggies in Asia; Used to make Lassi: popular summer beverage in India; Amchur: dried Mango powder; Used in traditional medicine; Rich in sugar, fiber, antioxidants, vitamins A and C
Term
Pistachios
Definition
Pit of a drupe; Native to Persian region and Central Asia; Iran leads in world production; Rich source of monounsaturated fats, phytosterols, and dietary fiber; significant source of K, thiamine, B6.
Term
Cashew
Definition
Real nut; Native to Northeast South America; Seed is inside pericarp; Cashew apple is an accessory fruit
Term
Solanaceae
Definition
Capsicum pepper, tomato, white potatoes, tobacco, tomatillos, and eggplant
Term
Capsicum pepper
Definition
First domesticated in Mexico; used as veggies; Berry; rich in Vitamin C and dietary fiber
Term
Tomato
Definition
Berry; first cultivated in Mexico, Native to South America; Used in Mayan culture; French called them "love apples"; German called them "wolf peach"; Originally thought to be poisonous; First to undergo genetic engineering; Contain powerful antioxidant called lycopene, beneficial to prevent prostate cancer and heart disease
Term
Sweet Orange
Definition
"Golden Apple" of Greek Mythology; Types: blood, normal, navel; most widely grown fruit in the world; Compound ovary; Consume endocarp; Tropical; Important in Chinese culture and represent abundant happiness; Most trees are grafted
Term
Kiwi
Definition
Native to China; Introduced to New Zealand in 1904 as Chinese gooseberry; Know in USA as "fruit of the 80's"; rich source of fiber, vitamin A and C, K, folic acid, phosphorous; protein degrading enzyme called actinidin- meat tenderizer; odd berry
Term
Date fruit
Definition
From date palm; Native origin is the Persian Gulf; Must have a male and female tree in area; drupe; stony endocarp, edible meoscarp; Arabia "Tree of Life"; Rich in simple sugars, fiber; small amount of calcium and iron
Term
Star fruit
Definition
Berry; Native to Indonesia, widely grown in tropics; sour taste due to calcium oxalate crystals accumulate to make kidney stones; good source of fiber and vitamin C
Term
Pomegranate
Definition
Native to Middle East; Means seeded apple; Called granatum in French means grenade; important in Qur'an and bible; Used as a symbol of fertility and abundance for the Hebrews; Greek mythology attributes the four months of winter to the four seeds she ate while kidnapped by Hades; specialized berries; consume arils; superfruit; tannins are used in tanning hides
Term
Durian
Definition
Malaysian "King of Fruits"; Capsule; Smell bad; consume arils
Term
Passion Fruit
Definition
Native to Brazil; specialized berry; consume aril; flower important to Christianity; "Christ thorn"
Term
Papaya
Definition
Native to Central America; Bisexual flowers, male, female found on same plant; pepo, except from superior ovary; Can be cooked as a veggie; Contains papain-basis of meat tenderizer; Chymopapain has medical uses for treating back pain related to slip discs and pinched nerves; we eat everything but the seeds
Term
Guava
Definition
Native to Central America; berry; used in jams, jellies, and punches; source of vitamin C and A, dietary fiber, omega-3,6 fatty acids, K, magnesium, and antioxidants. Superfruit;
Term
Jackfruit
Definition
Native to India; flowers are unisexual; eat flesh surrounding the seeds;
Term
Figs
Definition
Native to Mediterranean; domesticated by ancient Egyptians; Fig leaves are referred to in the Bible. Multiple fruit; Wild figs have to be pollinated by wasps; cooked as vegetables or eaten fresh. Excellent source of calcium, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and have a laxative effect.
Term
Pineapple
Definition
Native to Southern Brazil; Considered a symbol of hospitality; name comes from looking like a pine cone but being edible like an apple; J.D. Dole made them popular; Hawaii is the leading producer; multiple fruit; Contain a proteolytic enzyme bromelain used as a meat tenderizer. Good source of vitamin C and fiber; Used in Native America medicine- inflammation, intestinal worms, arthritis, sore throat, sinusitis, and healing wounds.
Term
Banana
Definition
Most popular tropical fruit; originated in Eastern Asia and Australia; Latin American countries are top producers called banana republics; Pseudoberry that grow on large herbs; Develop from inferior ovaries; eaten as vegetables; low in fat and high in K, vitamin C and B6. Symbol of fertility in India;
Term
Avocado
Definition
Grow on "testicle tress"; native to Mexico; California is the leading producer; specialized berry; eat the mesocarp as a fruit; the pulp is very oily; high in monounsaturated fats, good source of fiber, K, phosphorous, magnesium, folic acid, carotinoids, and Vitamin C
Term
Olive
Definition
Native to Mediterranean; important in the Bible, Qu'ran, Book of Mormon, Egyptian Scrolls, Greece and Rome. Considered sacred throughout these areas; olive branch is a symbol of peace; drupe; Make olive oil; High in iron, vitamin E, and dietary fiber
Term
Okra
Definition
Known as the "Lady Finger"; origin is possibly Asia; immature fruits are cooked as vegetables; in India they are known as "bhindi" and "vendi"; the mucilage is a natural laxative and maintains blood glucose levels; low calorie, good source of vitamin C and B6, calcium, and folic acid. They are a a capsule;
Term
Coconut
Definition
May have an Indian origin; unisexual flowers; nut from drupe; We eat the well-developed endosperm and the drink the liquid endosperm; Coconut milk comes from grated well-developed endosperm; Makes coconut oil; pressed oil cake is used to feed livestock; rich in saturated fat, fiber, and small amount of protein; oil is used in cosmetics
Term
Macadamia
Definition
Hawaii is the leading producer; real nut; edible portion is the seed.
Term
Hazelnut
Definition
Known as "Filbert" after King Philbert (*means full beard); also known as "cob nuts" ; comes from Europe; real nut and edible portion is the seed
Term
Brazil nut
Definition
Capsules each with a stony seed inside which we eat; Also called "Monkey pods"; rich in fat, both mono and polyunsaturated; good source of selenium, protein, carbohydrates, magnesium, and thiamine; From Brazil
Term
Blueberry & _____ are in the same family.
A. Strawberry
B. Cranberry
C. Blackberry
D. all of the above
Definition
B. Cranberry
Term
Which one is a member of Fabaceae?
A. Bean
B. Star fruit
C. Filbert
D. Avocado
Definition
A. Bean
Term
The edible part of Durian and Litchee is ___.
A. the pericarp
B. endocarp only
C. aril
D. entire fruit except the pit.
Definition
C. Aril
Term
Mango and ________ are in the same botanical family.
A. Poison ivy
B. Cashew
C. Avocado
D. all of the above
E. only A and B
Definition
E. Only A and B
Term
A Hazelnut is most appropriately a:
A. real nut
B. drupe
C. drupaceous nut
Definition
A. Real nut
Term
The pepos are derived from _ ovaries with the exception of ___.
A. superior; papaya
B. inferior ovary; pumpkin
C. half-inferior; pumpkin
D. inferior; papaya
Definition
D. Inferior; papaya
Term
"Golden apple" of Greek mythology. Which fruit?
A. Sweet orange
B. yellow squash
C. Apricot
D. Mandarine oranges
Definition
A. Sweet orange
Term
Nectarine is a mutation from ______.
A. Apricot
B. Peach
C. Pear
D. Plum
Definition
B. Peach
Term
Which of the following is the "seeds of sun"?
A. peach
B. nectarine
C. olive
D. apricot
E. both A and B
Definition
D. apricot
Term
Blackberry is a(n) ________.
A. member of Rose family
B. aggregate fruit
C. collection of achenes
D. all of the above
E. only A and B
Definition
E. only A and B
Term
In strawberry, the accessory tissue of the fruit is from _________.
A. the fruit stalk
B. the numerous ovaries
C. the receptacle
D. the entire flower including the petals.
Definition
C. the receptacle
Term
"Stone fruits" belong to ____ of Rose family.
A. Maloideae
B. Amygdaloideae
C. Rosoideae
D. Spiraeoideae
Definition
B. Amygdaloideae
Term
George Washington Carver developed more than 300 food and industrial uses for this legume and encouraged the cultivation in the South United States. Which legume?
a. Sweet peas
b. Soy bean
c. Peanut
d. Lima bean
e. None of the above
Definition
Term
Which of the following legumes has often been referred as Cinderella crop?
a. peanuts
b. soybean
c. wing bean
d. broad bean
e. none of the above
Definition
Term
Which of the following is NOT a soy product?
a. miso
b. textured vegetable protein
c. tempeh
d. none of the above
e. only b and c are correct
Definition
Term
After pollination of the ovary _______ grows inside the ground, hence the name ground nut.
a. mung bean
b. garden pea
c. string bean
d. peanut
e. soy bean
Definition
Term
The seeds of legumes are often called the “poor man’s meat” because, similar to meat, they are high in nitrogen and fat.
a. True
b. False
Definition
Term
Legumes
Definition
Dry, dehiscent fruit pods of a dicotyledon family, Fabaceae; roots are associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the nodules
Term
Pulses
Definition
The pericarp is thick or leathery and unsuitable for cooking; when mature they contain seeds that one can either cook or dry and store for later use; Low moisture content and contain protein
Term
Lentils
Definition
Pulses derived from several varieties of a legume plant; Native of the Near East; Sold at lens-shaped, individual pieces where each one is a cotyledon. Rich source of protein
Term
Dhal
Definition
curried, saucy dishes made primarily out of lentils
Term
Peanut
Definition
Also known as "ground nut" and "goober" native to Peruvian regions and widely cultivated throughout South America; China is the leading producer; Seed portion is eaten; annual herbs; Rich in protein and vitamins A and E.
Term
Gynophore
Definition
Ovary stalk that elongates after fertilization and grows towards gravity;
Term
George Washington Carver
Definition
increased the popularity of peanuts in the U.S. by discovering 300 uses for peanuts and introduced crop rotation of peanuts in cotton fields.
Term
Spanish type peanuts
Definition
high oil content in seeds
Term
Virginia type peanuts
Definition
Larger seeds and lower oil content
Term
Soybean
Definition
A twining or prostrate plant; originated in China; Seeds are eating as a vegetable and used to may soy milk; Miso, tempeh, and tofu are fermented products of soybean; U.S. is the leading supplier; Also known as the "Cinderella crop"Also used in paints, plastics, and fabrics; Cannot be consumed raw because of the enzyme trypsin; have phytoestrogens; rich in protein, essential aminio acids, B vitamins, fiber, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids; Most useful legume; "Cow without bones"
Term
Phytoestrogens
Definition
Alleviate menopausal symptoms in women;
Term
Soy protein
Definition
High quality protein that almost similar to the proteins found in meat products;
Term
Tamarind
Definition
Tall, spreading tree with long, brown, pods that hang in clusters; Name derives from "tamar hindi" which translates to "Indian date"; Have fleshy, brown, tart, and sometimes sweet, sticky pulp; Dry pods have a brittle exocarp that must be removed to reveal the pulp; Dried pulp can be stored for long periods of time due to high acid content; used to make sour-tasting curries, chutneys, sweet and sour sauces, and beverages; Seeds are brown skinned and hard and can be boiled or roasted to eat as a snack item.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!