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1-2 Prologue
3 – Job curses day of his birth
4-27 dialogue b/w Job and Friends
First Cycle of speeches (4-14)
4-5 – Eliphaz
6-7—Job
8 – Bildad
9-10 – Job
11 – Zophar
12-14 – Job
15-21 – 2nd cycle
22-27 – 3rd cycle
28 – hymn to wisdom
29-31 – Job’s affirmation of innocence
32-37 – Elihu’s speeches
38-42:6 – The Lord speaks
42:7-17 – Epilogue |
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Job treated as historical character (Ezek 14:14,20; James 5:1)
Names of characters & places not symbolic
Literary telling of a historical event |
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Ideal # of sons & daughters in prologue/epilogue
Debate in poetry
Repetition of God/Satan accounts & report of messengers |
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| Evidence of early setting of book |
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Patriarchal manner of sacrifice (Job offers sacrifice)
Possessions measured in livestock
140 Lifespan -- like those in Genesis |
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| When was book written down? |
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“The Protests of the Eloquent Peasant”
“A Dispute Over Suicide” |
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| Uz is located in Edom (Lam 4:21) |
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| Satan’s role in man’s suffering |
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(1:12; 2:7)
Outside of Job (Lk 13:16; Rev 2:10; 2 Cor 12:7) |
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| God’s role in man’s suffering |
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1:21; 2:10; 5:18)
Outside of Job (Isa 45:7; Lam 3:37-38) |
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| Eliphaz picture of the future |
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(Psa 91)
“happy is the man whom God approves” |
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| “what is man”; “magnify & visits” –(parallel to Job 7) |
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(1:8-9; 2:3)
Prov 1:7 – beginning of wisdom
Psa 111:10 – beginning of knowledge |
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| Only verse in Job quoted in the NT |
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| Satan is NOT referred to in dialogue of Job and friends |
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“adversary”
NOT always used as reference to Satan of NT but as a human adversary |
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| Word “curse” is translated |
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| Resurrection is NOT an answer to the problem of |
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| day of birth; also in Jeremiah |
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| Humanistic view of Job says that |
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| it doesn’t pay to serve God (use Eccl. as proof-text) |
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| Eliphaz & Friends speeches get |
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| shorter while Job’s speeches get longer. |
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| & upright” (used 3X by God) |
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Speaker: “I alone have escaped to tell you”
Narrator: “while he was still speaking”
Job’s conclusion: “The Lord gives & Lord takes away. Blessed be the name of the Lord.” |
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| Arguments of Satan to God: |
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1st -- Job fears God b/c of “hedge” around him and b/c of his “blessings.”
2nd – Job’s trial not severe enough – “you didn’t let me touch him |
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1st – don’t touch him
2nd – don’t kill him |
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| when wife tells Job to curse God and die |
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Longer in LXX than MT
(2:9)
(usually LXX is 400 lines shorter than MT) |
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| When God & Satan work together |
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(ie: using testing):
God works to build up—refine us; bring us back to him if we’ve sinned
whereas Satan works to destroy – curse God; give up faith |
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| 3 Reasons why children die in Bible |
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result of David’s sin (2 Sam 12)
Abijah taken away from evil (1 Kings 14)
test Job (Job 1) |
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| Contains section of poetry |
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| Distinguish between Law, Prophets, and Wisdom literature |
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Law – “I am the Lord your God”
Prophets – “Thus says the Lord”
Wisdom – based on observation; experience |
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| Note: Job wishes to die, but |
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| NEVER contemplates suicide |
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| 2 Sea Monsters used to trouble God’s people in Job: |
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Leviathan & Rahab
Note: things nations attributed to their gods, Israel attributes to Yahweh
Note: Satan portrayed as dragon defeated by God in Revelation. |
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| the hedge of protection from ch.1 is now a “straight-jacket confining Job to where God will not let him go.” |
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Job 4ff
Note: not everything that Eliphaz |
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| Vocabulary links b/w Eliphaz and Job’s speech |
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“fear” (confidence) vs. “integrity”
“upright” – used both by Eliphaz and God
“breath” vs. “wind”
“roaring” vs. “cries” |
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| God humbles the proud and lifts up the humble. |
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we reap what we sow
all are sinners before God
God is sovereign over the world |
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Makes proverbial statements as iron-clad rules
Reasons from effect to cause
He encourages Job to seek God for gain
He is insensitive to Job’s suffering |
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| Job 6:5 – image of cattle eating: |
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One does not complain if he receives what he needs (Talking about God or friends).
*Compares friends to a deceitful wadi (cf: Jer 15:18) |
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| Job 6:14 – different interpretations |
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| Man should have devotion of his friends or he will forsake God |
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| Job’s inconsistency (Job 7) |
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| Wants to die; life is going by too fast |
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| Am I a threat to your power? |
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| 7:17-18 – Psalm 8 parallel |
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| : “magnify & concerned” – complaint that God watches Job. |
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| Job’s greatest desire (ironic): |
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