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Nursing skills test 4
42
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
11/11/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
breasts
Definition
these lie anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. located between the second and sixth ribs, extending form the side of the sternum to the midaxillary line.
Term
nipple
Definition
this is just below the center of the breast, it is round and usually protuberant, its surface looks wrinkled and indented with tiny milk duct opening
Term
areola
Definition
surrounds the nipple for a 1- 2cm radius. in this there are small elevated sebaceous glands, called montgomery's glands they secrete a protective lipid material during lactation.
Term
breast is composed of this:
Definition
glandular tissue, fibrous tissue, adipose tissue
Term
glandular tissue
Definition

this contains 15 to 20 lobes radiation from the nipple, and these are composed of lobules.

with in each lobule are clusters of alveoli that produce milk.

Term
coopers ligament
Definition
these are fibrous bands extending vertically from the surface to attach on chest wall muscles. these support the breast tissue. these become contracted in cancer of the breast and produce pits or dimples in the overlying skin
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
these are where the lobes are embedded
Term
tail of spence
Definition
this is the cone shaped breast tissue that projects up into the axilla, close to the pectoral group of axillary lymph nodes.
Term
the four gourps of axillary nodes
Definition
central axiallary nodes, pectoral, subscapular, lateral
Term
central axially nodes
Definition
high up in the middle of the axilla over the ribs and serratus anterior muscle.
Term
pectoral
Definition
along the lateral edge of the pectorl major muscle, just inside the anterior folds
Term
subscapular
Definition
along the lateral edge of the scapula, deep in the posterior aillary fold
Term
lateral
Definition
along the humerus, inside the upper arm
Term
menarche
Definition
beginning of menstrauation, occurs in breast development stage 3 or 4
Term
colostrum
Definition
after the fourth mouth of pregnancy, this thick yellow fluid is the precursor for milk containing same amount of protein and lactose but paractically no fat
Term
menopause
Definition
when this happens ovarian secretion of estrogenand progesterone decerase, which causes the breast glandular tissue to atrophy
Term
gynecomastia
Definition
this happens in males, and it is where in adolescence the breast tissue temporarily enlarges, it could be due to testosterone deficiency.
Term
subjective data
Definition
pain, lumps, dischage, rash, swelling, trauma, history of breast disease, surgery.
Term
mastalgia
Definition
this occurs with trauma, inflammation, infection and benign breast disease
Term
galactorrhea
Definition
this is nipple discharge
Term
Axilla
Definition
 any tenderness, lump, swelling, rash in the underarm area?
Term
supernumerary nipple
Definition
this is normal and common, it is a estra nipple along the embryonic "milk line" on the thorax or on the abdomen, it looks like a mole
Term

vertical strip pattern, spokes on a wheel pattern, and circles pattern.

 

vertical strip patternt is currently recommended as the besst to detect a breast mass

Definition
what are the three patterns for palpation of breast?
Term
inframammary ridge
Definition
this is a transverse ridge of compressed tissue in the lower quadrants and is especially noticable in large breasts. but this is not an abnormal lump
Term
if lump is detected by a self exam
Definition

examiner should note the:

location, site, shape, consistency, moveable, distinctness, nipple, note the skin over the lump, tenderness, lymphadenopathy

Term
right after your menstrual period or the 4th through 7th day of the menstrual cycle.
Definition
when is the best time to perform a self exam?
Term
premature thelarche
Definition
this is early breast development with no other hormone dependent signs(pubic hair, menses)
Term
pregnant female
Definition
the breast increases in size, as does the nipple, jagged linear stretch marks. the nipples also become darker and more erectile, the areolae widen, grow darker and contain the small scattered elevated montgomery glands.
Term
dimpling
Definition
also called a skin tether, cancer causes fibrosis which contracts the suspensory ligament. also note the distortion of the areola here as the fibrosis pulls the nipple toward it
Term
fixation
Definition
asymmetry, distortion, or decreased mobility with the elevated arm manuever.
Term
deviation in nipple pointing
Definition
an underlying cancer causes fibrosis in the mammary ducts, which pulls the nipple angle toward, swelling behind the right nipple
Term
benign breast disease
Definition

multiple tender masses "fibrocystic disease"

swelling and tenderness, mastalgia, nodularity, dominant lumps, nippple dischange, infectinos and inflammation

Term
cancer
Definition
solitary unilateral nontender mass. single focus in one area. solid, hard, ddense and fixed to underlying tissues. often painless
Term
fibroadenoma
Definition
solitary nontender mass. solid, firm, rubbery and elastic, freely movable, slippery fingers slide it easily through tissue
Term
mammoary duct ectasia
Definition
pastelike matter is subareolar ducts produces sticky, purulent discharge that may be white, gray, brown, green or bloody
Term
intraductal papilloma
Definition
serous or serosanguineous, dicharge, which is spontaneous unilateral or from a single duct. lesion consists of tiny tumors
Term
carcinoma
Definition
bloody nipple discharge that is unilateral and from a single duct.
Term
pagets disease
Definition
early lesion has unilateral, clear, yellow dicharge and dry, scaling crusts, friable at nipple apex. spreads outward to areola with erythematous halo on areola and crusted.
Term
mastitis
Definition
this is uncommon, an inflammatory mass before abcess formation.
Term
breast abscess
Definition
this is a rare complication of generalized infection if untreated. a pocket of pus accumulates in one location
Term
B. cite statistics regarding breast cancer
Definition

which of the following is not appropriate when teaching breast self examination?

 

A. focus on the positive aspects of BSE

B. cite statistics regarding breast cancer

C. explain that most women never get breast cancer

D. keep your teaching simple

Term
D. Most women respond to questions and the examination in much the same way
Definition

which would not be a consideration when examining a woman's breasts?

 

A. in our culture, a woman's breasts are crucial to her self-concept

B. typically, a woman with a breast lump assumes the worst outcome

C. asking question about a woman's breasts can trigger deep emotional responses

D. Most women respond to questions and the examination in much the same way

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