Term
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Definition
| molecule that binds to an antibody or to a T cell antigen receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| a glycoprotein made by B lymphocytes that binds to antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| type of cell that mediates cell-mediated immune responses in the adaptive immune system |
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Term
| what does innate immunity do? |
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Definition
| provides initial protection and always present. |
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Term
| what does adaptive immunity do? |
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Definition
| develops slowly, later defense, more effective, stimulated by pathogen. |
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Term
| what are the two major types of adaptive immunity? |
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Definition
| Humoral and Cell-mediated |
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Term
| which type of adaptive immunity would you find B lymphocytes and antibodies? which one would you find T lymphocytes that activate phagocytes to kill infected cells? |
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Definition
| Humoral for B cells. Cell-mediated for T cells. |
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Term
| are the microbes/toxins located in or outside of cells when they activate the humoral response? |
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Definition
| outside the cells. no access to bugs inside cells. |
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Term
| where are the bugs located in regards to the cells during cell-mediated responses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural Infection and Vaccination are examples of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Passive Immunity? |
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Definition
| a person receives transfer of pre-formed antibodies. Example: administration of antibodies to a snake-bite victim. Rapid induction of immunity, but its short-lived protection. |
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Term
| what is a lymphocyte repertoire? |
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Definition
| Millions of lymphocytes to recognize millions of antigens =) |
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Term
| what is B cell clonal expansion? |
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Definition
| B cells recognize antigen they're programmed to recognize and are activated, thus expanding in number and make more antibodies. |
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Term
| key feature of any memory response? |
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Definition
| magnitude. the memory response is MUCH greater than the initial immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what do antigen presenting cells do? |
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Definition
| show the antigen to the lymphocyte since the lymphocyte has to see it in the context of another cell. |
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Term
| how do you distinguish between different lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| they have CD markers on them. |
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Term
| what does a CD marker mean? |
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Definition
| literally: cluster differentiation. It's a cell surface molecule that allow us to help us determine if its a helper cell (like CD4+) or a cytotoxic cell (like CD8+). |
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Term
| what are the only cells that make antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a natural killer (NK) cell? |
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Definition
| part of innate immune response. Doesnt express antigen receptors. kills infected host cells. |
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Term
| what are the generative (or primary) lymphoid organs? |
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Definition
| bone marrow (b cells) and Thymus (t cells) |
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Term
| name 3 sites of microbe entry: |
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Definition
| skin, respiratory and GI tracts. These associated epithelia are known as the first lines of defense. |
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Term
| what is the main goal of effector cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is one of the most potent Antigen Presenting Cells? |
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Definition
| Dendritic Cells. They hang out in tissues and deliver them to lymph nodes to increase antigen concentration and activate lymphocytes. |
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Term
| where do naive T lymphocytes travel? |
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Definition
| between blood and lymph nodes |
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Term
| how does a naive T cell leave the blood stream and into the lymph node? |
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Definition
| crosses through a High Endothelial Vein (HEV). *basketball & PVC pipe analogy* |
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Term
| where do B lymphocytes travel? |
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Definition
| they dont! hang out in lymph nodes, and secrete antibodies. |
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Term
| what is the second line of defense? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the third line of defense? |
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Definition
| adaptive immunity (humoral and cell-mediated) |
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