Term
| Organic cells or extraceullar matrix |
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Definition
Osteoblasts - bone-forming cells
Osteocytes - mature bone cells
Osteoclasts - large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
Osteoid – non-mineralized bone matrix composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagen
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Term
Inorganic - hydroxyapatites, or mineral salts |
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Definition
Sixty-five percent of bone by mass
Mainly calcium phosphates
Responsible for bone hardness and its resistance to compression |
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Term
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Definition
| Has 80 bones cosits of vertabral colum, Ribs, sternum, Skull |
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Term
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Definition
| 126 Bones Pectoral Gridle, Pelvic gridle, Upper and lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Main function of the bones |
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Definition
Support
Protection
Sotrage of minerals
Movment
RBC production
Stores chemical Energy |
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Term
| Synovial Joint and its funnction |
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Definition
Bones seperated by joint cavity, lubricated via synovial fluid, enclosed in fibrious joint capsul.
Function:Diarothese Freely moveable IE Elbows, knees, hips |
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Term
| Fibrous Joint and function |
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Definition
Bones held togather by collogenouse fibers extenidng from one boney matrix to the other No Joint Cavity
Function: Amphiarthroses, slightly moveable joints IE Pubic symphyis |
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Term
| cartillaginous Joint and function |
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Definition
Bones held togather by cartialge no joint cavity
Function: synarthroses Joints with little or no momvent teeth in socket, coronial sutures |
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Term
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Definition
| Has a thin shape provides mechanical protection in some cases (skull) Have many points of attachment for muscels like shoudler blades |
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Term
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Definition
| Longer than they are wide consit of the main "long" shaft havy many diffrent possible endings depind on joint connectivity semi curved IE Femur |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop in some tendons where a lot of friction is present (knee, palms of hand) Number varies from person to person |
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Term
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Definition
| kinda Cube shaped IE carpal of the hand and tarslaes of the foot |
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Term
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Definition
| Complicated shapes Shape depends on fucntion they serve Like the vertabre It provides support but also a passage for spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Very small bones located in sutur joints very in the skull coronial sutures Number varies |
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Term
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Definition
| Trasmit force along shaft, connect body parts, make up joints and carry blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
Part of long bone, expended area at each end of bone
cosits of spongey bone and compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Long bone: Narrow area that connects epiphysis and diaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Long bone: Long tubular part of the bone walls consits of compact bone |
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Term
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Definition
Space within hallow part of shaft contians red bone marrow wich is involved in the production of blood cells
Yellow marrow is adipose and stores energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyaline cartilage covering articular surface |
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Term
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Definition
| star shaped mostly found cell in mature bone. Tdo not divide. network with each other via long cytoplasmic extensions that occupy tiny canals called canaliculi, which are used for exchange of nutrients and waste through gap junctions. |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from osteoprogenitors, some of which differentiate into active osteoblasts Cells contain a nucleus and a thin ring piece of cytoplasm. When osteoblasts become trapped in the matrix that they secrete, they become osteocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
bone cell that removes bone tissue by breaking up the organic bone process is bone resorption. Osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of cells of the monocyte-macrophage cell line. Osteoclasts are located at enosteal surface of Haversian canal and under the periosteum. |
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Term
| Strucutre of compact Bone |
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Definition
Mature bone consits of units called otseons. osteons consist of lamellae of bone matrix surrounding a central canal, the osteonal (Haversian) canal, which contains the vascular and nerve supply of the osteon. processes of osteocytes are generally arranged in a radial pattern
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Term
| Cells located in each osteon |
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Definition
Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteogenic cell
Osteoclast |
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Term
| Spongey bone vs Compact bone |
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Definition
Compact bone
Dense
Form surface
Tighlty orgonized ostons
Spongy bone Interior of bone deep in compact bone
thin trabecule lay along the stress lines
No osteons present |
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Term
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Definition
Fetus: cartilage model forms
Fetus 2-3M: Compact bone developes starting at primary ossification site
Childhood: spongey bone developes at secondary site
Adulthood: Growth plate promotes latteral growth till YA |
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Term
| Compact bone growth length wise |
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Definition
Epiphyseal plate or cartilage growth plate cartilage cells are produced by mitosis on epiphyseal side of platecartilage cells are destroyed and replaced by bone on diaphyseal side of plate
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Term
| Long Bone growth and remodoling |
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Definition
Growth in length Cartilage continually grows and is replaced by bone Remodeling - bone is resorbed and added by appositional growth (by the addition of new layers on those previously formed).
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Term
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Definition
Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum secrete bone matrix, forming ridges that follow the course of periosteal blood vessels. As the bony ridges enlarge and meet, the groove containing the blood vessel becomes a tunnel. The periosteum lining the tunnel is transformed into an endosteum and the osteoblasts just deep to the tunnel endosteum secrete bone matrix, narrowing the canal As the osteoblasts beneath the endosteum form new osteon. |
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Term
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Long bone: Epiphyseal artery and vein
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Definition
enter the epiphyses of a long bone and supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the epiphyses. |
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Term
Long Bone: Nutrient artery and vein
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Definition
enters through the nutrient foramen and runs through the cortex. In the medullary cavity divides into ascending and descending branches.
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Term
Metaphyseal artery and vein |
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Definition
| derived from the neighboring systemic vessels. These arteries directly go into the metaphyses and reinforce the metaphyseal branches of the nutrient artery |
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Term
| How bones play into other systems |
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Definition
| Bones help reduce or increase or calcium intake, wich effects the thyorid gland and the parathyroid gland both of wich effect the intestine kidneys and bones themeselves |
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Term
| Contorl of bone remodling |
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Definition
bone resorption allows minerals of degraded bone matrix to move into the blood.Bone resorption is the process by which Osteoclasts break down bone resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood
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Term
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Definition
Outside or inside
Location proximal,medial or distal
Simple, wedge, or complex |
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