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Bones
Patho Final
34
Pathology
Post-Graduate
10/28/2012

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Lamellar Bone
Definition
layered design, like tree rings; type of bone we have in an adult
Term
Woven bone in adult =
Definition

pathology

example: fracture, Paget's disease of bone

Term
Cancellous
Definition

trabecular

less dense - end of long bones

more elastic

heals faster

increased blood flow

Term
Cortical
Definition

compact

80% of skeleton

shaft of long bones

high resistance to torsion and bending

 

Term

Salter-Harris fractures

SALT

Definition

S - same

A - above growth plate

L - lower than growth plate

T - through growth plate

Term
Achondroplasia
Definition

short-limbed dwarfism

normal sitting height but limbs are short

normal intelligence

Term
osteogenesis imperfecta
Definition

'brittle bone disease'

teeth abnormalities

bluish sclerae

Term

Osteoporosis

Primary (2 types)

Secondary

Definition

'porous bones'

Primary (2 types)

Type 1: post-menopausal/estrogen deficient

Type 2: age-related/senile

Secondary- result of meds

Term
Osteomalacia
Definition

no loss of present bone matrix, but insufficient mineralization leads to softening of bone

due to Ca, Vit D, and phosphate deficiency

- Chron's, inadequate sun exposure, hyperparathyroidism, antacid overuse

Term
Rickets
Definition

(form of osteomalacia)

causedd by Vit D deficiency in growing children

PE: bowlegs, delayed dentition, speckled teeth, "rachitic rosary"

Term
Paget's disease (of bone)
Definition

excessive breakdown of bone by activated osteoclasts

excessive, unorganized new bone formation

- increased incidence of fractures

can lead to heart failure

Term

Multiple myeloma

(malignant or benign?)

Definition

malignant

bone marrow tumor

"punched out lesions"

 

Term

Osteosarcoma

(malignant or benign)

Definition

malignant

most common primary tumor of bone

75% in pts <20 yrs.

Term

Chondrosarcoma

(malignant or benign?)

Definition

malignant

spine, ribs, pelvis, vertebrae

Term

Ewing's sarcoma

(malignant or benign?)

Definition

malignant

tumor of childhood (10-20)

proximal long bones around growth plates

Term

Osteochondroma (exostosis)

(malignant or benign?)

Definition

benign

mushroom-shaped bony protuberance

 

Term

Enchondroma

(malignant or benign?)

Definition

benign

occurs in the long bone of the hands

Term

Fibrous cortical defect

(benign or malignant?)

Definition

benign

developmental defect and not a true neoplasm

 

Term
Osteoarthritis
Definition

caused by mechanical "wear and tear"

may be primary (without a specific cause) or secondary to a specific stress

mainly affects weight-bearing joints

Pain is activity related - relieved by a short rest

Term
Heberden nodes
Definition
DIP joints of hands, due to OA
Term
Bunion deformity
Definition
caused by sever OA at the first MTP joint in the foot at the big toe
Term

rheumatoid arthritis

(virus that causes)

Definition

- chronic systemic autoimmune disease of synovial joints

- Epstein-Barr virus suspected of triggering a reaction that attacks synovial membrane

- Diagnosed with rheumatoid nodules and RF (or anti-CCP)

Term
Z deformity
Definition

bones of hand deviate to radial side, fingers deviate to ulnar side

(associated with RA)

Term

Juvenile RA

(juvenile idiopathic arthritis)

Definition

sudden onset; systemic; "toxic" high fever

mostly large joints (opposite RA for adults)

Term

Spondyloarthropathies

(3 types)

Definition

negative for RF antibody

confined to vertebrae and SI joints

1. ankylosing spondylitis

2. reactive arthritis

3. psoriatic arthritis

infections seem to trigger onset of disease

Term
ankylosing spondylitis
Definition

chronic relapsing arthritis

spinal rigidity and chronic back pain

Term
reactive arthritis
Definition

caused by an infection somewhere other than joints.

low back, ankles, knees, and feet most often involved

Term
gout
Definition

chronic metabolic disease associated with high blood uric acid levels

can be primary (genetic) or secondary (leukemia)

uric acid accelerates ahterosclerosis (high incidence of heart disease)

Tx: less meat, seafood, EtOH

Term
Podagra
Definition

great toe affected by gout

sever joint inflammation and tenderness

Term
acute septic arthritis
Definition

most common cause is gonorrhoeae

IV drug users

suppresed immune system

pts with RA at increased risk

usually only a single joint is involved

Term
Lyme disease
Definition

due to ticks

rash associated

can produce joint pain similar to arthritis

Term
Plymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)
Definition

quick onset of muscle and joint pain and stiffness

usually in proximal joints: shoulders, neck, hips

typically a disease of age >65

if it's only wrist and knees that hurt, it's probably something else

RF negative and significant joint abnormalities neg

20% of patients hav ro will develop giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

Term
3 P's of compartment syndrome
Definition

parasthesia

progressive pain

paralysis

Term
bone growth direction
Definition
from epiphysis towards metaphysis
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