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Bones
bones
12
Physiology
10th Grade
11/11/2010

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Term
Classification of bones… bones classified according to SHAPE:
Definition
1.) long bones- ex; bones of limbs; femur, tibia, humerus
characteristics: longer than wide w/ medullary cavity-hole in bone
2) short bones ex: carpals, tarsals
chara: about as wide as long
3) flat bones ex: cranium, sternum, ribs
chara: no med. Cavity, dense bone over spongy bone
4) irregular bones ex: vertebrae, scapula, pelvis, many skull bones
chara: nondescript shape
Term
Functions of bones/the skeletal system:
Definition
1.) support – provide framework to support weight of body
2) protection- skull (brain), ribs/sternum(heart,lungs) pelvis (fetus/ovaries)
3) movement- muscles attached by tendons, make levers of bones to move
4) Mineral storage ( Ca, P,K)- warehouse, released into blood as needed, osteoporosis- lack of calcium
5) Hemopoeisis (blood cell production) in red marrow
Term
Bone (also osseous tissue) types:
Definition
dense/compact bone: visibly smooth and solid, heavy, forms outside of all bones
Spongy/cancellous bone: looks porous, weblike, lightweight, with pores, makes up inside of all bones
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
the "middle" or shaft of a long bone, often contains medullary cavity- opening inside long bones, full of marrow- yellow (adipose) or red (red and white blood cell formation) depending on age. Babies most all marrow is red. Older, less red, more yellow
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
ends of long bones,parts of a joint, covered by articular cartilage: a type of hyaline cartilage for cushion and making joints work smoothly
Term
Epiphyseal plate:
Definition
Commonly called growth plate, hyaline cart. area at each epiphysis where growth in length occurs. Turns into bone with age (ossifies)
Term
periosteum
Definition
covers outside of all bones not covered by articular cartilage, very tough dense irregular conn tiss.
Term
endosteum
Definition
covers inside of long bones, lines medullary cavity, delicate reticular conn tiss
Term
Haversian canal
Definition
major canals in bone running longitudinally (lengthwise)
containing blood vessels and nerves
Term
Volksmann canal
Definition
major canal running transversely, carrying blood vessels and nerves
Term
Lamellae
Definition
concentric layers of dense bone forming tube like stru
Term
Lacunae
Definition
(little lakes) tiny openings in the lamellae that contain the living bone cells
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