Shared Flashcard Set

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Bone Tumors
MS Module
66
Medical
Graduate
05/09/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the most common benign bone tumor?
Definition
osteochondroma
Term
What is the most common malignant bone tumor?
Definition
metastatic
Term
What is the most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Definition
multiple myeloma
Term
What is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor?
Definition
osteosarcoma
Term
What diagnostic test must be done prior to beginning treatment for bone tumors?
Definition
chest Xray
Term
What are the three benign reactive conditions that can mimic bone tumors?
Definition

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Fibrosis Dysplasia

Brown Tumor of Bone

Term
What age group and sex are Aneurysmal bone cysts common in?
Definition

young

female

Term
What is the most common location for Aneurysmal bone cysts? (2)
Definition

metaphysis of long bone

spine

Term
What is the characteristic finding in a patient with aneurysmal bone cysts?
Definition
multiple cysts filled with blood
Term
Where is fibrous dysplasia mostly located in the body?
Definition
can present in any bone
Term
What gene is often mutated in fibrous dysplasia?
Definition
GNAS1
Term
What does the mutation in the gene involved in fibrous dysplasia lead to? (2)
Definition

endocrine problems

fibroblast proliferation forming lesions

Term
What are the three classification categories of fibrous dysplasia?
Definition

monostotic

polyostotic

McCune Albright

Term
What unique clinical feature is present in the McCune Albright presentation of fibrous dysplasia?
Definition
cafe au lait
Term
What is the histological feature of fibrous dysplasia?
Definition
ground glass
Term
What is the brown tumor of bone caused by?
Definition

metabolic bone disease

increased PTH

Term
What bone disease presents with frontal sinus involvement?
Definition
osteoma
Term
What other condition is often associated with osteoma?
Definition
Gardner's
Term
Give two examples of benign bone tumors?
Definition

osteoma

osteoid osteoma

Term
What is the classic clinical presentation of osteiod osteoma?
Definition
increased pain at night with ASA relief
Term
What are the most common bones for osteiod osteoma to involve?
Definition
long bones
Term
What is true of the size of the lesions in osteiod osteoma?
Definition
<2 cm
Term
What does the osteiod osteoma tumor produce?
Definition
prostaglandions
Term
What bone tumor presents with a bulls eye on Xray?
Definition
Osteiod osteoma
Term
What happens to the bone in a patient with osteiod osteoma? and what type of bone?
Definition
get dense sclerotic nidus (woven bone)
Term
What age and sex is osteosarcoma most common in?
Definition
young and male
Term
What is the common location for osteosarcoma in the bone itself?
Definition
metaphyseal long bones
Term
What joint is most effected by osteosarcoma?
Definition
knee
Term
What is the unique pathology of osteosarcoma?
Definition
codman triangle
Term
What is codman's Triangle?
Definition
when the periosteum is raised
Term
Is codman's triangle beinign or malignent?
Definition
benign despite the fact that osteosarcoma is malignent
Term
What cell produces the osteoid in osteosarcoma?
Definition
fibroblast
Term
What is true of the prognosis trend in osteosarcoma?
Definition
it has inproved over the years
Term
What are three diseases and one treatment put you at risk of secondary and primary osteosarcoma, respectively?
Definition

Retinoblastoma

Pagets

fibrous dysplasia

 

Radiation therapy

Term
What is the most common location for osteochondroma involvement?
Definition
metaphyseal long bone
Term
What often forms in an osteochondroma?
Definition
bony outgrowth from cortical surface that is covered in cartilage
Term
Give two examples of cartilage forming benign tumors?
Definition

osteochondroma

Enchondroma

Term
Do the cartilage producing benign tumors have a high or low potential for becoming malignant?
Definition
low potential
Term
What is the common location for encondroma to effect?
Definition

distally,

 

the hands and feet

Term

What are the most common location for chondrosarcoma?

(2)

Definition

proximal long bones

axial skeleton

Term
What location within the bone does enchondroma effect?
Definition
medullary
Term
What type of cartilage is produced in an enchondroma tumor?
Definition
hyaline cartilage
Term
What is the common age and sex for chondrosarcoma?
Definition
adult males
Term

What are the common age and sex for the following:

 

Aneurysm Bone Cysts

Osteosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma

Giant Tumor Cell

Ewing Sarcoma

Definition

Aneurysm Bone Cysts    young female

Osteosarcoma      young male

Chondrosarcoma    adult male

Giant Tumor Cell   adult female

Ewing Sarcoma      childhood and adolescent male

Term
What grade are most chondrosarcomas?
Definition
low grade
Term
What is the most common location of metastatic chondrosarcoma?
Definition
lung
Term
What is true of the cells often found in chondrosarcoma?
Definition
binucleated
Term
What two categories of chondrosarcomas exist/where they effect in the bone?
Definition

intramedullary (central)

on the surface (periphery)

Term
What is the characteristic of the medullary cavity in central chondrosarcoma?
Definition
glistening bluish transluscent mass
Term
What is the most common sex and age of Giant Tumor Cell?
Definition
adult female
Term
What is the most common location in the bone and what is the most common type of bone effected by Giant Tumor Cell?
Definition

Epiphyseal

 

 

Of

 

Long Bones

Term
What does the Giant Tumor cell often get confused with?
Definition
Brown Tumor of PTH
Term
Is Giant Tumor Cell indolent or aggressive?
Definition
aggressive locally
Term
IS Giant Tumor cell malignent or benign?
Definition
benign
Term
What is the prognosis for Giant Tumor Cell?
Definition
usually good
Term
What is seen on the xray of giant cell tumor?
Definition
thined cortex with expansile mass
Term

What is the most common cancer that bone cancer arises from in men?

 

 

women?

Definition

prostate

 

 

breast

Term
Other than the breast and prostate, what other cancers do secondary bone tumors come from?
Definition

thyroid

lung

kidney

Term
What is the most common age and sex of Ewings Sarcoma?
Definition
childhood and adolescent males
Term
What is the most common location for Ewing Sarcoma?
Definition
medullary cavity of diaphysis
Term
What is the genetic translocation present in Ewing's Syndrome?
Definition
11:22
Term
What disease presents with bone pain, tenderness, fever, increased sed rate, and leukocytosis?
Definition
Ewings Sarcoma
Term
What disease, which is a better prognosis needs to be r/o in a patient suspected of having Ewings Sarcoma?
Definition
lymphoma
Term
What is the characteristic finding on an Xray for Ewings sarcoma?
Definition

onion skin

 

this is due to the sarcoma causing a periosteal reaction due to the rapid division

Term
What sarcoma is a primitave neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
Definition
Ewings Sarcoma
Term
What is true of the cells in Ewing Sarcoma?
Definition
small round and blue tumor cells
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