Term
| ____________ is defined as a systemic skeletal disease, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prior to _________, osteoporosis was often described as an "age-related" disorder. |
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Definition
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Term
True or false?
The definition of osteoporosis requires only that the skeleton be sufficiently fragile that an individual is at increased risk for fracture. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______________ criteria for the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on the measurement of bone density were published in 1994. |
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Definition
| World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Term
| The WHO stated that a bone mass or bone density that was ________ standard deviations (SD) or more below the average peak bone mass or density of the young adult was sufficiently low to be called osteoporosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone mineral densities that were more than 1 but less than 2.5 SD below the average young adult value were called ________ or simply low. |
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Definition
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Term
| A fourth category, called ____________, referred to individuals who had bone densities that were 2.5 SD or more below the average for a young adult and who also had a fracture. |
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Definition
| severe or established osteoporosis |
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Term
| An excess mortality of up to ______ within 1 year has been associated with osteoporotic hip fractures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Medicare will cover a bone density measurement at one skeletal site by one technique every _______ months. |
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Definition
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Term
| The circumstances in which pharmacologic intervention should be considered in postmenopausal women and men aged 50 and older were: |
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Definition
- A patient who presents with a hip or spine fracture
- A patient with a T-score equal to or poorer than -2.5 at the lumbar spine or femoral neck
- A patient with a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 at the lumbar spine or femoral neck and who has a FRAX 10-year probability of hip fracture of ≥3% or a FRAX 10 year probability of any major osteoporotic fracture of ≥20%, using the US-adapted WHO algorithm.
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Term
| When it comes to lifestyle modifications that affect bone density, recommendations that are appropriate include: |
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Definition
- Avoidance of cigarette smoke
- Moderation in alcohol intake
- Moderation in caffeine intake
- Moderation in salt (sodium) intake
- Modification of the home environment to reduce the risk of falls
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Term
| The NOF recommends an elemental calcium intake from all sources combined of ________ mg a day. |
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Definition
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Term
| For men and women aged 50 and older, the NOF recommends ___________ IU of vitamin D per day. |
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Definition
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Term
| The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies of Science is ________ mg a day for women aged 51 - 70 and ______ mg a day for men of the same age. |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium citrate is best taken on a/an ________ stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ______________ agent is a medication that primarily inhibits bone loss rather than stimulating new bone formation. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________________ are antiresorptive or anti-catabolic agents. |
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Definition
Estrogen
raloxifene
calcitonin
bisphosphonates
denosumab |
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Term
| ____________ are very similar to pyrophosphate, a substance normally found in bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Four bisphosphonates are approved for both the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the United States. They are: |
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Definition
alendronate or Fosamax®
risedronate or Actonel®
ibandronate or Boniva®
xoledronic acid or Reclast® |
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Term
| _____________, is approved for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women and is also approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men and the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ belongs to a unique group of drugs known as biologics. |
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Definition
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