Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti keratinocyte junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti intrinsic factor or parietal cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasm |
|
Definition
| microcopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodisa |
|
|
Term
| anti neutrophil cytoplasm / anti peroteinase 3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymyositis, dermatomyosits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymyositis, dermatomyositis |
|
|
Term
| anti signal recognition particle |
|
Definition
| polymyositis, dermatomyositis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymyositis, dermatomyositis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sjogerns, subacute lupus, neonatal lupus, C3/C4 deficiency, ANA negative lupus, neonatal SLE (Ro/SSa only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti citrullinate peptide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti leucine aminopeptidase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SLE specific, lupus nephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti cardiolipin / lupus anticoagulant |
|
Definition
| antihphospholipid antibody syndrome, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, acute anterior uveitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SLE, DM2, sjogerns, graves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RA, JRA, DM1, polymyalgia rheumatica, lyme chronic arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| JRA, kayoski sarcoma, hashimotos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary sclerosing cholangiitis |
|
|
Term
| diseases using molecular mimicry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diseases using superantigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| butterfly rash, discoid rash, photosensitivity, arthralgia, pericarditis, pneumonitis, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, seizure, psychosis, neuropathy, libman-sacs endocarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anti-SSa/Ro or anti-La/SSb
neonatal lupus
subacute cutaneous lupus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin lesions, AV block, transposition of the great vessels, valve defects, septal defects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sulfa, hydralazing, isoniazid, procanamide, phenytoion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
local or systemic steroids
hydroxychloroquine
immune suppression
cyclophosphamide if GN
anticoagulation of thrombocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
calcinosis of digits SC
raynauds
esophageal motility dysfunction (LES sclerosis)
sclerodactyly of fingers
talengesticas of digits under nails, lips, hands, face |
|
|
Term
| causes of livedo reticularis |
|
Definition
anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
polyarteritis nodosa
cholesterol emboli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gel phenemon, boutinere, swan neck, valgus knees, ulnar deviated MCPs, symmetric, extensor nodules, pericarditis, subluxation of cervical spine, pleural effusions (low glucose), interstitial fibrosis, scleritis
panus, rice bodies, bursa, joint space narrowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RA, neutropenia, splenomeagly, anemia, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) hydroxychlocoquine
2) sulfasalazine
2) methotrexate
4) TNFa inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of gout crystals |
|
Definition
negative bifringence
in polarized light yellow when parallel, blue when perpendicular
needle shape |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of pseudogout crystals |
|
Definition
positive bifringence
in polarized light yellow when perpendicular, blue when parallel
rhomboid shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
proximal muscle weakness, difficult to stand from chain or climb stairs
myocarditis, conduction deficits
ekevated CK, anti-jo1, LDH, aldolase, |
|
|
Term
| biopsy of polymyositis vs dermatomyositis |
|
Definition
poly: endomysial lymphocytic inflammation between fibers, fibers very round
derm: perivascular and perimysial inflammation around vessels and fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
polymyositis plus
helotrope rash, grottons papules, V sign, shawl sign, mechanics hands, telangesticas of the nailbed |
|
|
Term
| signs of inclusion body myositis |
|
Definition
| male, elderly, proximal and distal muscle weakness, CK only slight elevation, no auto-ab, biopsy shows endomysial fibrosis, cytoplasmic vacoules, basophilic granules, amyloid |
|
|
Term
| signs polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
Definition
temporal arteritis
stiffness after inactivity, hip and shoulder pain, difficulty raising arms
low Hct, high ESR, no Rf, MRI with high signal intensity at tendon sheath, synovial tissue outside joints |
|
|
Term
| FDA approved drugs for fibromyalgia |
|
Definition
| pregabalin, duloxetine, milnacipran |
|
|
Term
| signs of ankylosing spondylitis |
|
Definition
| BL sacrolitis, LBP, enthesitis (inflammed tendon insertion), fractures, CP, uveitis, HLA-B27 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| headache, temporal tenderness, scalp pain, amaurosis fugax, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica, multinucleated giant cells, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asian, female, fatigue, vertigo, syncope, limb ischemia, CVA, abnormal pulses, giant cells |
|
|
Term
| signs allergic granulomatosis with angiitis |
|
Definition
| asthma, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, sinusitis, SC nodules, p-ANCA, eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| signs polyarteritis nodosa |
|
Definition
| levido reticularis, mesenteric ischemia, gangrene of fingers, hypergammaglobinemia, renal parenchymal vessel aneurysms |
|
|
Term
| signs henoch scholein purpura |
|
Definition
| IgA nephropathy, migratory arthritis, palpable purpura of LE, GI bleeding, intussception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high fever, conjunctivits, maculopapular rash on trunk, adenopathy, strawberry tongue, hand and foot desqumation, coronary aneurysms
IVIG and aspirin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful oral and geital ulcers, arthritis of knees and ankles, uveitis, optic neuritis, conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| male, smoker, ischemic claudication, cold, cyanosis, painful, paresthesia, ulceration, gangrene, superificial nodular phlebitis |
|
|
Term
| signs cervical myelopathy |
|
Definition
(cervical stenosis)
gait disturbance, hand clumsiness, bladder and bowel dysfunction, weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C5-6 hyperadduction
arm extended, adducted, pronated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ulner nerve
weak adduction, weak 4-5th digit flexion, lumbricle weakness claws 4-5th digits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| median nerve damage, cannot pronate |
|
|
Term
| musculocutaneous nerve damage |
|
Definition
| loss of elbow flexion and supination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radial nerve damage, loss of sensation to dorsal hand, loss of wrist and finger extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior shoulder dislocation, cant abduct >10 deg, weak external rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C8-T1 injury
claw hand, horner syndrome, thenar and hypothenar atrophy |
|
|
Term
| treatment of clavicle fracture |
|
Definition
neonate: none
adult: sling and PT for 4-8wk until pain gone, repeat x-ray in 6wk |
|
|
Term
| anterior dislocated shoulder cause, signs |
|
Definition
trauma
external rotation, adduction, promonent acromion, deltoid numbness (axillary stretching) |
|
|
Term
| posterior dislocated shoulder, cause, signs |
|
Definition
seizure, electricity
internally rotated, adduction, posterior prominence, anterior shoulder flat |
|
|
Term
| inferior dislocated shoulder signs |
|
Definition
arm up by head or behind head
due to hyperabduction |
|
|
Term
| signs of subacromial bursitis |
|
Definition
| shoulder pain worse over head, awakens at night, positive neer imingement and hawkins |
|
|
Term
| treatment of olecranon fracture |
|
Definition
| open reduction and internal fixation, if not displaced posterior long arm splint at 30deg |
|
|
Term
| treatment of olecranon bursitis |
|
Definition
| conservative, only drain if infection suspected |
|
|
Term
| colles fracture: cause, distal radius, radial head, fracture, treatment |
|
Definition
outstretched hand
posterior distal radius
no change in radial head
distal radius fracture
closed reduction |
|
|
Term
| smith fracture: cause, distal radius, radial head, fracture, treatment |
|
Definition
flexed wrist fall
anterior distal radius
no change in radial head
fractured distal radius
closed reduction |
|
|
Term
| monteggia fracture: cause, distal radius, radial head, fracture, treatment |
|
Definition
fall on outstretched hand in pronation, ulnar blod
no change in distal radius
anterior radial head
ulnar fracture
open reduction |
|
|
Term
| gleassi fracture: cause, distal radius, radial head, fracture, treatment |
|
Definition
distal radial blow
posterior distal radius
no change in radial head
distal radial head fracture
open reduction |
|
|
Term
| nursemaids elbow cause, tx |
|
Definition
subluxation of radial head, held flexed and pronated during injury
supination and 60deg flexion or hyperpronation |
|
|
Term
| treatmetn of scaphoid fracture |
|
Definition
negative x-ray but snuff box tenderness spica cast 7-10d and re x-ray
positive x-ray cast for 6wk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
closed fist hits surface breaking 5th metacarpal neck
closed reduction and ulnar gutter splint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wake up at night with flexed A1 pully, can only manually extend, associated with DM and females |
|
|
Term
| cause of deQuarvain denosynovitis |
|
Definition
| abductor pollicus longus tentonsynovitis |
|
|
Term
| gamekeeper thumb cause, sx, tx |
|
Definition
injury of ulnar collateral ligament due to hyperextension causing 1st MCP laxity
tx casting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury to flexor tendon when flexed finger is forced into extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury to extensor tendon when extended finger is forced into flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 part communuted fracture at base of 1st metacrapal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of 1st metacarpal extending into carpometacarpal joint |
|
|
Term
| causes of hip dislocation |
|
Definition
| internal rotation, flexion, adduction posterior force (dashboard) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laying with leg shortened, externally rotated |
|
|
Term
| trochanteric bursitis signs |
|
Definition
| lateral hip pain, pain on palpation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial collateral ligament |
|
|
Term
| knee injury caused by dashbord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| osteochondritis dissecans cause, signs |
|
Definition
necrotic bone and degenerative cartilage separate and float around in joint space
cause pain catching, popping, crepitus, effusion, tenderness
usually in physically active adolescents |
|
|
Term
| pes anserinae bursa cause, sx, tx |
|
Definition
bursa at anteromedial tibia (gracilis, satorus, semitendinosus insertion), pain with lateral knee movement
hamstring flexability, PT, steroid injection if severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
swelling of semimembranosus popliteal bursa
cystic mobile, tender mass
mimics thrombobphebitis when extends down
DX WITH US |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of patellar fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis of exclusion, flap of tissue on back of patella causes snap feeling when walking |
|
|
Term
| most common cause and type of compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
tibia or fibula fracture
anerior |
|
|
Term
| signs of achilles rupture sx, tx |
|
Definition
out of shape middle aged man thinks he is going to rock some strange activity this weekend, he doesn't
loud pop as he changes direction, limited plantar flexion, tendon gap, position thompson, pain in superior heel
cast in equinus for several months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) partial ATF
2) complete ATF, partial CFL
3) complete ATF and CFL |
|
|
Term
| cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome |
|
Definition
| posterior tibial nerve posterior to medial malleolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermetatarsal plantar nerve (common digitial) 2-3rd |
|
|
Term
| when do you MRI back pain |
|
Definition
| neurological deficits (beyond the knee), prolonged steroid use, osteoperosis, unexplained fever or weight loss, risk of malignancy, recent trauma, history IV drug use |
|
|
Term
| what position is prefered in herinated disc, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis |
|
Definition
herniated: extension
stenosis: flexion
spond: flexion |
|
|
Term
| when do you do surgery on a disc |
|
Definition
| symptoms >1y, progressive neurological symptoms, cauda equina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of vertebrae (ankylosing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degenerative change in vertebrae at zygopop joints narrowing disc space |
|
|
Term
| cause of spondylolisthesis signs |
|
Definition
anterior displacement of vertebrae
walk with waddle knees and hips flexed, palpable slip off, often gymnast, football, weight lifter |
|
|
Term
| cause of lytic and blastic bone lesions |
|
Definition
lytic: multiple myeloma, breast cancer, lung cancer
blastic: prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
| compartment syndrome associated with shin splints and tibial stress syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complication of posterior knee dislocation |
|
Definition
| popliteal artery compormise |
|
|
Term
| signs of developmental hip displasia |
|
Definition
uneven gluteal folds
hip dislocation with click on return
delayed walking
glazelli: knees unequal when hips flexed
trandelenburg gait: sag in opposite hip
bartlow and ortolandi: abductiona nd elevation dislocates it |
|
|
Term
| treatment of developmental hip displasia |
|
Definition
<6mo pavlik harness 6mo
6mo-2y closed or open reduction, spica cast
>2y open reduction
>8y reduction has reduced benifit |
|
|
Term
| lagg clave perthesis signs |
|
Definition
avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis
6yo, limp, knee or hip pain, femoral head sclerotic |
|
|
Term
| slipped capital femoral epiphysis cause, sx, tx |
|
Definition
separation through growth plate of femoral epiphysis from metaphysis
adolescent, obese, groin or knee pain, sole of foot pointed inward when dangling, limited RPM, externally rotated thigh in hip flexion
x-ray with posterior, inferior, edial displacement of head, ice cream falling off cone
emergent pinning, weight restriction |
|
|
Term
| signs of kid with septic hip |
|
Definition
| toddle, febrile, refuses to move hip, holds leg in flexion, abduction, external rotation |
|
|
Term
| acute hematogenous osteomyelitis signs |
|
Definition
| febrile, localized pain, no trauma, normal x-ray, MRI is diagnostic, tx abx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone pain, bowed legs, kyphoscoliosis, proximal limb weakness, soft skull bones, fractures, bone soft, increased ALKP and PTH, decreased Ca and P, wide physes, bowed long bones, translucent lines in bones, pseudo fractures (milk man lines), enlarged costal cartilages (rickets risery), flattening of skull |
|
|
Term
| when is genu valgus and varum normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammed cartilage at tibial tubercle, young boy, athletic, pain on tubercle, aggervated by quad contraction, swelling, tender, warm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plantar flexion, inversion, adduction |
|
|
Term
| types of growth plate fractures |
|
Definition
1) physeal separation, no bone fracture - good prognosis
2) partial physeal separation, some metaphysis fracture - good prognosis
3) partial physeal separation, some epiphysis fracture - poor prognosis
4) fracture through metaphysis, physis, epiphysis - poor prognosis
5) crush - likley growth arrest |
|
|
Term
| pauciarticular arthritis signs |
|
Definition
non-migratory
<5yo
<5 large joints (not hip)
uveiitis |
|
|
Term
| signs polyarticular arthritis |
|
Definition
2-5 or 10-14yo
>5joints (helps not common)
hand deformities (dictylitis)
spine involved
symmetric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
any number of joints, acute significant pain, no particular arthritis
maculopapular salmon colored rash, fever, sore throat, stiff neck, pericarditis, lymphadenopathy, jaw involvement |
|
|
Term
| #1 primary malignant bone tumor, signs |
|
Definition
osteosarcoma
deep bone pain, femur, tibia, humerus, palpable, swelling, high ALK-P, sunburst, codmans |
|
|
Term
| #1 primary malignant bone tumor, sugns |
|
Definition
ewing sarcoma
5-15yo, male, bone pain, swelling, fever, fatigue, fracture, mass, low Hbg, codemans, onion skin |
|
|
Term
| #1 primary benign bone tumor, signs |
|
Definition
osteochondroma
growth off metaphysis, irritated soft tissue, femur or tibia, non-tender, hard, cancellous portion continous with interior of lesion |
|
|
Term
| two types of osteoperosis and their associations |
|
Definition
1) loss of trabecular bone: vertebral compression fx, colles fx, post-menopause
2) loss of cortical and trabecular bone: femoral neck, proximal humerus, and pelvic fx, men and women >70yo |
|
|
Term
| indications for osetoperosis medication |
|
Definition
T<-2.5
T-1 to -2.5 with 10y fx probability >3% |
|
|
Term
| treatment of osteoperosis |
|
Definition
bisphosphonates
teriparatide: PTH
SERM: raloxetine
micalcin: calcitonin
denosumab: RANKL inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| osteropertosis cause, signs |
|
Definition
| increased osteoclast activity increases bone density, blindness, deafness, fracture, compression of nerves, erlenmeyer flask deformity, thick skull bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asymmetric, crepitus, worse in morning, worse with activity, decreased RPM, heberden nodules at DIP, boucarde nodules at PIP, subchondral cysts, sublexation, sclerosis, osteophytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overactive osteoclasts and osteoblasts, excessive turn over, disorganized mosaic lamellar bone pattern
deep pain, fractures, tibial bowing, kyphosis, increased cranial diameter, deafness, headache, nerve entrapment, high ALK-P and urine hydroxyproline, osteolytic lesions, hyperdense bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bisphosphonates, calcitonin SQ, NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fractures, blue sclerae, skin and teeth deformities, deafness, joint hypermobility, fractures in utero, pliable skin |
|
|
Term
| treatment of septic joint |
|
Definition
adult, healthy, likley S. aureus: b-lactam pen + 1st gen ceph + vanco
probablly gonorrhea: 3rd gen ceph IV
compormised: 3rd gen ceph or aminoglycoside + pseudomonas pen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S. aureus most common
neonate: GBS
kids: S. aureus then E. coli
IV drugs, neutropenia: pseudomonas, fungi
nosocomal: pseudomonas
diabeic foot: polymicrobial
prosthetic: coag negative staph
potts: TB
sickle cell: salmonella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common: S. aureus
sexually active: gonorrhoeae
cat/dog bite: pasturella
Kids: S. aureus, H. flu
sickle cell: salmonella
compormised: GNR
prosthetic: S. epidermitidis |
|
|
Term
| how is osteomyelitis monitored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arthritis in large joint: knee, shoulder, elbow, ankle
subacute encephalitis
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans: red purple plaques and nodules on extensors of legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
early doxy
late ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rash starting on palms and soles going in, macular then papular then petechial, HSM, thrombocytopenia, DIC,
doxy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dermacentor varibilis rick
ricketsia rickettsi intracellular |
|
|
Term
| transient synovitis cause, sx |
|
Definition
painful limp post URI 4-8yo, aferile, normal ESR/WBC, limited ROM
tx NSAIDS |
|
|
