Term
DNA replication is:
a. semiconservative
b. bidirectional
c. semidiscontinous
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: DNA polymerase always proceeds in the 3' -> 5' direction. |
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Definition
| False; 5' -> 3' along newly synthesized strand |
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Term
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Definition
| unwind the DNA at the replication fork |
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Term
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Definition
| introduces a positive supercoil |
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Term
| Single-stranded binding protein (SSB) |
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Definition
| prevent H-bond formation and thus rewinding |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: 3'-OH carries out a nucleophilic attack on the alpha-phosphoryl group of a neighboring nucleotide. |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule is produced from the bonding of one nucleotide to another in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| seals in Okazaki fragments |
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Term
| DNA polymerase III uses a(n) ________ with a free 3'-OH group to initiate replication. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| polymerase with its exonuclease activity removed |
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Term
| DNA polymerase III core subunits |
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Definition
alpha: polymerase activity
epsilon: 3' exonuclease
theta: assembly and stabilization |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| terminates DNA replication |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eukaryotic DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial DNA replication |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Architecture of Polymerase |
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Definition
Palm: active site
Fingers: nucleotide recognition and binding
Thumb: DNA binding |
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Term
| Cell cycle checkpoints depend upon ________ bound to _______________. |
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Definition
| cyclins; cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) |
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Term
| Replication is initiated by ____________ on the DNA binding to ori. |
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Definition
| origin recognition complex |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits assembly of pre-replication complexes |
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Term
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Definition
| short sequence of tandem repeats rich in G nucleotides that form a protective cap on chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains the telomeres; not present in somatic cells |
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Term
| RNA-directed DNA polymerase is called ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA viruses that replicate their RNA via a DNA intermediate are called ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The primer for reverse transcriptase is a specific _________ molecule captured from the host cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reverse transcriptase has three enzymatic activities. Name them. |
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Definition
1. RNA-directed DNA polymerase
2. RNase H activity
3. DNA-directed DNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| exonuclease that degrades RNA in RNA:DNA hybrid |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymatic insertion of a transposon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| General recombination, which underlies homologous recombination, requires the __________________. |
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Definition
| breakage and reunion of DNA strands |
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Term
| Chemical reactions that reverse the damage, returning DNA to its proper state, are ____________ repair systems. |
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Definition
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Term
| Single-strand damage repair relies _________________ on to guide repair. |
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Definition
| the intact complementary strand |
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Term
| ___________________ are a particular threat to genome stability, because lost sequence information cannot be recovered from the same DNA. |
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Definition
| Double-strand breaks (DSBs) |
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Term
| Systems repairing single-strand breaks include: |
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Definition
Mismatch repair (MMR)
Base excision repair (BER)
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) |
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Term
| Animals (or any living things) that have acquired new genetic information as a consequence of introduction of foreign genes are termed __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substitution of one base for another |
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Term
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Definition
| insertion of bases into a sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| deletion of bases from a sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| point mutations involving the exchange of one purine or pyrimidine for another |
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Term
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Definition
| point mutations involving the exchange of a purine for a pyrimidine, or vice versa |
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Term
| Mutations can be induced by _________, such as 5-bromouracil or 2-aminopurine. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| proteinaceous infectious agents |
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Term
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Definition
| normal cellular form of the prion protein |
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Term
| The different forms of prion differ based upon __________. |
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Definition
| secondary and tertiary structure (alpha helices predominate in PrPc) |
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