whats the difference between

over weight

overfat

&

obsese

overweight: exceeds their ideal weiht by being 10 LBS or 10 percent out of the normal criteria

overfat: if the person exceeds their % of body fat by a certtain margin

obese: gross excess by 20-30 percent of body weight and fat

what is the concept of ideal weight ?

two methods to define it.

the medical definition: ideal weight is at which the health risks are at the lowest

aestetic definition: based on the perception of beauty

what is the demographic of obesity in north america?

• 1/3 of candaians are obese.
• prevalence is high and increasing.
• increases with age and greater in men
• males are more likely to have excess weight them females 
• childhood obesity is on the rise and is a health concern
• weight disatisfaction is higher in women than men
• men with high BMI are content but they are @ a health risk
  

what are ways to estimate body weight or body composition?

1. height weight tables
2. BMI
3. underwater weighing
4. skinfolds
5. whole body electrical impedance
6. CAT scans

1. what is the most commonly used method to determine body composition ?
2. what are its limitations?
3. why?

1. BMI

2. because its simple, height and weight are the only values needed.

3. does not tell anything about body composition

what is obesisty strongly correlated with?

hypertension

high serum cholesterol

non insulin dependent diabetes

CVD

cancer

(apple and pear)

what is the best way to measure abdominal obesity?

measuring waist circumference

what factors contribute to weigh problems?

obesity..

• metabolic factors: thyroid gland
• familial factors: learned habits
• set point theory
• energy balance:
• genetics
• psychological/cultural factors

describe the set point thory and energy balance

set point: individuals body weight or % of body fat is maintained in narrow limits around a point.

energy: amount of energy expended in a day

what is the thermogenic efficiency theory

while some people become obese and others dont.

daily caloric intake used to maintain body temp

what is the hunger center?

what else is it called?

located in the hypothalamus

also called "appestat" ; receives info from the stomach. smelling food = hunger

what are the social issues regarding obesity?

prejudice

what are unsound methods of weight reduction?

1. fad diets
2. weight cycling
3. drugs
4. therapies
5. surgery

what are fad diets?

• most popular method
• its the belief that a combination of food will help you lose weight
• but its mostly a low calorie diet; water weight by increased urination

what are the problem with fad diets?

1. not nutritionally balanced -- dont contain enough servings from all four food groups
   
   
2. too drastic a reductin in caloric intake. -- you need atleast 1200 kcal/day to meet the minimal metabolic requirement
   
3. you cant maintain fad diets for too long; nutritionally deficient
4. regain the weight one you get off the diet

what effects do fad diets have on metabolic rate?

fad diets can lower the basal metabolic rate;

you can gain weight even tho you have a caloric restriction

what is weight cycling?

limitations and problems

its a pattern or losing and regaining weight

increases mortality

what is a stimulant?

what is a diuretic?

what substance has both properties?

stimulant: supresses appetite

diuretic: increases urination

caffein has both properties

what are the problems with diuretics.

they deplete electrolyte stores;

K+ loss can cause: arrhythimias, cardiac arrest and DEATH

what are problems associated with stimulants?

1. insomnia
2. hypertension
3. mood and personality changes
4. arrythmias
5. dependency

what kind of therapies are there for weight loss?

steam / sauna baths -- profuse sweating causes water loss

sleep therapy: no eating during sleep, but the body needs to use energy to maintain body functions as maintaining body temp, circulation of blood respiration,

cold water: immersing in cold water increase caloric expendature to keep body temp stable

what kind of surgeries are there for weight loss?

1. jaw wiring; to stop eating
2. stapling the stomach; decrease volume to 15%
3. intestinal bypass: decreases the change of absorption of nutrients
4. liposuction and lipecsuction: taking out fat deposits.

what is EMS?

electrical muscle stimulant:

doesnt make you lose more calories then just doing a simple task

what are the risks of surgery?

infection from the surgery

death; from being under

expensive

what are the two main eating disorders?

1. anorexia nervosa: fear of getting fat, not eating

2. bulimia nervosa: binge eating, then feeling gross and fat after so you throw up.

what are the risk associated with anorexia

mortality rate is high

suicide

heart attacks

starvation

social isolation

oestoporosis

un-normal development

what are the risks of bulima

eroded tooth enamel

rupture stomach from acid

tearing the esophagus

loss of control of intestines: from laxatives

unbalanced electrolytes

irregular heart beats

what are the guidelines for sound weight control?

sensible diets

exercise

change in eating habits

peer group support

what is the energy balance equation?

caloric consumption and caloric expenditure

explain exercise

rate at which exercise burns calories depends on what?

type and intensity

exercise for old vs. young

strength training vs aerobic training

what more important that intensity?

duration

what benefits does exercise have on weight reduction?

maintaining muscle mass

relief in depression and anxiety

change in eating habits means what

choosing where and when and what to eat

eat slower

it takes 20 minutes for the body to figure out its full

what kind of peer groups are there? why are the good?

weight watchers are good, because they provide a support group to encourage diets.

what % are cnds overweight ?

32%

what are the four fatter nations in the world before canada?

USA

brisitsh

new zeland

austrialian

what is the main cause of overweighness in canada in last 60 years

calorie consumption

once peope have met their basic needs of food, clothing, shelter and human rights, then hapiness relies largly on thins unrelated to money, such as ______________ and_______________

meaninful activities and enriching relationships

what are the ten thins that can you do to make yoruself happier?

1. learn to like yourself

2. take control of your destiny

3. practice expecting the best

4.become more extroverted

5.act happy

6. consider new work

7.sleep

8.close relationships

9.tie the knot

10. have faith