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Body Tissues
Muscular System
42
Histology
Professional
09/13/2013

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Term
3 basic types of muscle in the body
Definition
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
Term
Sarco prefix
Definition
refers to flesh
Term
Myo prefix
Definition
refers to muscle
Term
mys prefix
Definition
refers to muscle
Term
How many layers of connective tissue are associated with skeletal muscle?
Definition
3 layers:

1. Endomysium
2. Perimysium
3. Epimysium
Term
Endomysium
Definition
Around each individual muscle cell and fiber
Term
Fascicle
Definition
each cluster of cells...about 7 or 8 per muscle cell
Term
Perimysium
Definition
connective tissue wrapping around each fascicle
Term
Epimysium
Definition
connective tissue that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle...blends into tendons (cord-like) and aponeuroses (sheet-like)
Term
Fascia
Definition
another layer of connective tissue, located outside of the epimysium that connects to other muscles and bones
Term
Sites of muscle attachment
Definition
• Bones
• Cartilages
• Connective Tissue Coverings
Term
Characteristics of smooth muscle
Definition
no striations (characteristic of skeletal)

spindle shaped

involuntary

Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
Term
Describe how smooth muscle functions in the digestive tract
Definition
• In digestive tract, there are two layers of muscle that run in opposite directions
• Inner and outer layers of smooth muscle ….circular and longitudinal….run in different directions
➢ In smooth muscle these transitionally alternating muscle fibers help to serve the actions of peristalsis. As the circular fibers contract the tube (lumen) constricts and as the longitudinal fibers contract it opens up the lumen.
Term
Characteristics of cardiac muscle
Definition
located in walls of the heart, BRANCHING, STRIATED, ONE nucleus per cell

Intercalated discs
Term
Intercalated Discs
Definition
found where individual cardiac cells joins neighbor
➢ Allow more opportunity for cardiac muscle cells to communicate with each other
• Allows for more rapid transmission of the electrical signal and also a greater syncing of firing during contraction (action potential)
Term
Characteristic of Skeletal Muscle
Definition
columnar-tube shape

3 layers of connective tissue associated with each one

more than one nucleus per cell
Term
Sarcolemma
Definition
•Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibers
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
bundles of myofilaments
Term
myofilaments
Definition
• Myofibrils have a striated repeating, structure and alignment that allow for contraction
• Dark bands referred to A (anisotropic) bands
• Light bands referred to I (isotropic) bands
Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
specialized smooth ER
• Storage of calcium
Term
Sarcomere
Definition
the contractile unit in muscle fiber from one z line to another
• repeating over and over
• Shorts when muscle contracts and expands when relaxed
• Include actin (thin) and myosin (thick)
Term
Z Disc/ Z line
Definition
• Where actin filaments meet, form zigzag
• Z disc found within the I band
Term
I Band
Definition
contains the Z-line, where the actin filaments come together

no myosin filaments in the I- Band
Term
Length of a sarcomere
Definition
from 1 Z disc to the next
Term
H Zone
Definition
Distance between two neighboring dz discs

known as bare zone

no myosin heads
Term
A Band
Definition
Entire length of the myosin filament
Term
M line
Definition
the middle of the H zone, where the two z discs meet upon contraction
Term
When the muscle is at rest, does the H zone have actin, myosin, or both in it?
Definition
MYOSIN ONLY
Term
Ca+2 is significant in what way during muscle contraction
Definition
it is critical for ting movement of actin and myosin
Term
Tropomyosin
Definition
covers binding site of actin

Troponin complex scattered along length of actin

attached to troponin
Term
Troponin
Definition
attached to tropomyosin

lies within the groove between actin filaments in muscle tissue.
Term
Z-I-A-H-M
Definition
Zoom In A Hot Mustang
Term
When released from the sarcoplamic ER, Ca+2 binds to what?
Definition
it binds troponin, causing a conformational change, resulting in an exposed tropomyosin site on the actin filament that the myosin head can bind to
Term
Neuromuscular Junction
Definition
association site of nerve and muscle (gap)

mitochondria located on both sides of the junction
Term
Triad 2+1 composition
Definition
• T-tubules are typically located at the junction overlap between the A and I bands of the sarcomere, and together with a pair of terminal cisternae (bulbous enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) it forms an arrangement called a triad.
Term
T-Tubule
Definition
invaginate the sarcolemma, allowing impulses to penetrate the cell and activate the SR
Term
Where are mitochondria located in muscle cell contraction?
Definition
both sides of the synaptic cleft, sarcoplasm
Term
neurotransmitter released during muscle contraction
Definition
ACETYLCHOLINE
Term
When happens when the neurotransmitter attach to the receptors of the sarcolemma?
Definition
Sarcolemma becomes permeable to sodium (Na+)
Term
What cellular materials ensure that neurotransmitter moves correctly across the synaptic cleft?
Definition
microfilaments
Term
The sarcomere is composed of what enzyme?
Definition
ATPase
Term
Terminal Cisternae
Definition
(bulbous enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum) that release Ca+2
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