Term
| function of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| maintains homeostasis and controls other body systems |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of keeping a stable internal environment |
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Term
| why is it important for the body to maintain homeostasis? |
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Definition
| so the body can be comfortable and continue functioning |
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Term
| major organs of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| brain, spinal cord, neurons, peripheral nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| the cells that transport impulses from the nervous system |
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Term
| what is the nucleus (nervous system)? |
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Definition
| largest part of the neuron where the most metabolic activity takes place |
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Term
| what is an axon (nervous system?) |
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Definition
| conducts impulse; cytoplasm extension |
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Term
| what is the myelin sheath (nervous system?? |
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Definition
| insulating membrane surrounding axon that allows impulses to travel faster |
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Term
| what is the node of ranvier (nervous system?) |
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Definition
| gaps between myelin sheath that allow impulses to jump across from node to node |
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Term
| what are dendrites (nervous system?) |
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Definition
| "antannea" that recieve impulses from axon terminals |
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Term
| what are shwann cells (nervous system?) |
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Definition
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Term
| what are axon terminals (nervous system?) |
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Definition
| small swellings where the axon ends from which neurotransmitters are released |
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Term
| what are the 3 types of neurons and what are their functions? |
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Definition
sensory neurons: carry impulses from sense organs to spinal cord and brain
motor neurons: carry impulses from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
inter neurons: conncect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them |
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Term
| what is the function of the immune system? |
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Definition
| fights infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells |
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Term
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Definition
| substances that trigger immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that recognize, bind to, and deactivate antigens |
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Term
| what are the two types of the body's defences against foreign invaders? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe nonspecific defences. |
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Definition
1. physical barrier (skin and hair): most important nonspecific defence, because few pathogens can penetrate the skin
2. Chemical Barriers (sweat, mucus, tears): Contain enzyme that breaks down cell walls of many bacteria's cell walls . The oil and sweat produce acidic environment that kill many bacteria.
3. Inflammatory Response (2nd line of defence): Activates when tissue is damaged. Body produces white blood cells, and blood vessels cause the area to swell. |
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Term
| describe specific defences. |
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Definition
| 1. Immune response: A response that causes the immune system to attack a pathogen with a series of specific pathogens after the inflammatory response fails. It makes antibodies and antigens. |
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Term
| What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a simmilarity between nonspecific and specific defences? |
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Definition
| they both fight against foreign substances or cells through the production of cells |
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Term
| how are nonspecific and specific defences different? |
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Definition
| Specific defences are specific to the diesease, while NS are general. NS is the first line of defence, while S is the second. NS uses physical boundaries, while S uses antibodies and antigens. NS try to physically stop pathogens from entering the body, while S only attack when the pathogens are inside it. |
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Term
| Function of the circulatory system? |
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Definition
| transports oxygen rich blood through out body and sends CO2 rich blood to lungs so it can be exhaled (works w/respiratory system) |
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Term
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Definition
| carries O2 rich blood away from heart to body |
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Term
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Definition
| carries O2 poor blood towards heartt to go to lungs and recieve oxygen |
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Term
| function of cappilarries? |
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Definition
| smallest vessels because they are the site of CO2 and O2 gas exchange |
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Term
| order of blood flow through heart? |
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Definition
1. superior/inferior venacava (O2 poor blood enters heart)
2. right atrium
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary artery (sends blood to lungs to get O2)
5. pulmonary vein (O2 rich blood reenters heart)
6. left atrium
7. left ventricle
8. aorta (sends O2 rich blood to cells via bloodstream) |
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Term
| function of endocrine system? |
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Definition
| sends hormones to regulate body, helps maintain homeostasis, and helps regulate growth, development, and metabolism |
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Term
| what makes up the endocrine system? |
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Definition
| glands that release their products into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals that broadcast messages from the endocrine system that are specific |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors that are specific for a certain hormone. |
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Term
| what is complimentary hormone action? |
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Definition
| when two hormones with opposite effects act to regulate body's internal environment (blood glucose level) |
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Term
| how do the nervous and endocrine system work together to maintain homeostasis? |
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Definition
| nervous system provides feedback for endocrine |
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Term
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Definition
| controls pituitary gland, regulates nervous and endocrine system |
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Term
| function of pituitary gland? |
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Definition
| releases and controls the human growth hormone |
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Term
| function of adrenal glands? |
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Definition
| helps body respond to stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| function of pineal fland? |
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Definition
| releases hormone to help with rhythemic activities, such as sleep-wake cycles |
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Term
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Definition
| helps produce and develop immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates glucose level in body |
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Term
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Definition
| produce estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
| function of digestive system? |
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Definition
| breaks down food into nutrients body can use |
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Term
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Definition
| moves food around (menchanical digestion) |
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Term
| function of salivary glands? |
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Definition
| adds liquid so food can be swallowed, has enzyme that breaks down starches |
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Term
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Definition
| tube that connects mouth to stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| stores and breaks down food, very acidic |
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Term
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Definition
| produces bile for lipid digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| releases digestive enzymes, regualtes blood sugar levels, neutralizes food as it enters intestine |
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Term
| function of gall bladder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| first 10-12 inches of small intestine where majority of nutrient absorbtion occurs. |
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Term
| function of small intestine? |
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Definition
| nutrients absorbed into bloodsteam |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| storage until waste is released |
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Term
| function of large intestine? |
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Definition
| colon, where water is absorbed from waste |
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Term
| where does chemical digestion befin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches into sugar |
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Term
| what is the function of the excretory system? |
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Definition
| get rid of waste from the body |
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Term
| function of renal artery? |
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Definition
| blood enters kidney to be filtered |
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Term
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Definition
| clean blood leaves the kidney |
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Term
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Definition
| filters blood and reabsorbs water/nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| drains urine, connects kidney to bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| storres urine until released |
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Term
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Definition
| opening for urine to be released |
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