Term
| List 6 nutrients that are necessary for human health. |
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. |
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Term
| What nutrient is needed for all body processes to take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nutrient is made up of amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celcius. |
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Term
| What substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins the process of chemical digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| The energy our body needs comes from where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance lines the esophagus, making food easier to swallow/ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for the cardiovascular system? |
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Definition
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Term
| List 3 functions of the circulatory system: |
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Definition
| 1. Carries needed substances to cells; 2. Carries waste products away from the cells and 3. Blood contains cells that fight diseases |
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Term
| How are needed substances (oxygen and glucose) carried to the body cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the atria? |
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Definition
| Receive blood that comes into the heart. |
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Term
| Explain the function of the pacemaker: |
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Definition
| A group of heart cells that send out signals that help the heart muscle contract. |
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Term
| Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which blood vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes blood pressure? |
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Definition
| The force at which the ventricals contract. |
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Term
| What are four components of blood and their functions? |
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Definition
| Plasma (liquid part of the blood); platelets (help form blood clots); red blood cells (take up oxygen in lungs and carry it to cells); white blood cells (fight disease). |
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Term
| What determines blood types? |
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Definition
| Marker molecules on red blood cells. |
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Term
| What is the function of lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| Filter lymph and trap bacteria and other disease causing micro organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| When artery walls thicken due to build up of fatty materials. |
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Term
| Why is exercise important for cardiovascular health? |
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Definition
| To lessen your risk of developing heart problems. |
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Term
| Why are valves in the heart important? |
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Definition
| To keep blood from flowing backwards. |
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Term
| What does it mean if your pulse rate increases? |
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Definition
| Your body needs more oxygen. |
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Term
| What instrument is used to measure blood pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High blood pressure; which causes the heart to work harder. |
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Term
| Water makes up what % of plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many loops does the circulatory system contain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment. |
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Term
| No matter what the temperature is around you, your internal body temperature will be close to: |
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Definition
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Term
| What fills the spaces in bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the functions of the skeleton: |
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Definition
| Shape and support, enable movement, protect organs, produce blood cells and store minerals and other materials until your body needs them. |
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Term
| What is the function of muscle tissue and where is it found? |
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Definition
| To contract or shorten helping us to move and it's found in the arms and all over the body. |
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Term
| What is the function of the nervous tissue and where is it found? |
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Definition
| It carries messages back and forth between the brain an other parts of the body and it's found in the brain. |
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Term
| What is the function of connective tissue and where is it found? |
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Definition
| It provides support for your body and connects all parts; found in the bones. |
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Term
| What is the function of Epithelial tissue and where is it found? |
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Definition
| Covers the surfaces of the body inside and outside and it's found in the skin. |
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Term
| How does exercise help maintain healthy bones? |
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Definition
| It helps them grow stronger and denser. |
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Term
| Why are dairy products import to maintaining healthy bones? |
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Definition
| It's a good source of calcium which the bones need. |
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Term
| What are the levels of organization in the human body, starting with the smallest unit? |
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Definition
| Cells, tissue, organs and organ systems. |
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Term
| What structure directs the cell's activities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bones that form the backbone called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the compact bone located? |
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Definition
| Beneath the bone's outer membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong connective tissue that holds bones together in joints. |
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Term
| Found in the knee, this joint allows forward and backward motion: |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in shoulder this joint allows the greatest range of motion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in the neck, this allows one bone to rotate around another: |
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Definition
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Term
| Found in the wrist or ankle, this allows one bone to slide over another bone: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are immovable joints located in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What minerals do bones contain? |
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Definition
| Primarily phosphorus and calcium. |
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Term
| Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of muscle is found only in the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs? |
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Definition
| Because muscles can only contract, so they must work in pairs; one muscle contracts while the other relaxes to it original position. |
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Term
| Why is exercise important for muscles? |
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Definition
| Help maintain strength and flexibility. |
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Term
| What type of involuntary muscle moves food through the digestive tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| What the best way to prevent osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Exercise throughout life along with the proper amount of dietary calcium. |
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Term
| How does the skin protect the body from disease? |
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Definition
| By keeping disease causing microorganisms from entering the body. |
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Term
| Where are nerves and blood vessels in the skin located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the living cells in the epidermis located? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the skin help regulate body temperature? |
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Definition
| By letting excess heat escape from the body. |
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Term
| What is melanin and how is it helpful? |
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Definition
| A pigment colored substance that gives skin its color and helps protect from sunburn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yes, bones are made up of living cells and tissue such as blood and nerves . |
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Term
| What makes up your framework or skeleton? |
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Definition
| All the bones in your body. |
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Term
| A newborn has about how many bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| An adult has how many bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the shape of your body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the center of the skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones make up your backbone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A place in the body where two bones come together. |
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Term
| What allows bones to move in different ways? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two kinds of joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe immovable joints: |
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Definition
| Joints in the body that connect bones in a way that allow little or no movement (e.g. skull). |
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Term
| What holds the bones together in movable joints? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Strong connective tissue. |
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Term
| What is cartilage and what purpose does it serve? |
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Definition
| Connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and covers the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. |
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Term
| What is the name of the longest bone in the body? |
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Definition
| Femur (thigh bone); it connects to the pelvic bones to the lower leg bones. |
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Term
| Where is compact bone located? |
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Definition
| Beneath the bone's outer membrane |
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Term
| Where is spongy bone found? |
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Definition
| Just inside the compact bone and at the ends of the bone. |
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Term
| What are the two types of bone marrow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the job of red bone marrow? |
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Definition
| Produces some of the body's cells. |
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Term
| What is the job of yellow bone marrow? |
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Definition
| Stores fat that can serve as an energy reserve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Because they contain minerals; primarily phosphorus and calcium. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily as a result of mineral loss. |
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Term
| Where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the bone: |
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Definition
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Term
| Has small canals with blood vessels running through: |
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Definition
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Term
| Strong but lightweight because it has many small spaces within it: |
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Definition
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Term
| Soft connective tissue in the spaces in bone: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 functions of the digestive system? |
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Definition
| Breaks down food into molecules the body can use; molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout and wastes are eliminated from the body. |
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Term
| How long is the digestive system from beginning to end? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. |
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Term
| What are the two kinds of digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain mechanical digestion? |
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Definition
| Foods are physically broken down into smaller pieces. |
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Term
| Explain chemical digestion: |
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Definition
| Chemicals produced by the body break foods into smaller chemical building blocks. |
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Term
| Where do mechanical and chemical digestion begin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. |
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Term
| How is food prevented from entering the windpipe? |
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Definition
| A flap of tissue called the epiglottis prevents food from entering. |
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Term
| A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach: |
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Definition
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Term
| A slippery substance produces by the body that makes food easier to swallow and lines the esophagus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary waves of muscle contractions that keep food moving in one direction. |
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Term
| A J-shaped muscular pouch located in the abdomen. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does most mechanical digestion occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme is found in digestive juice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the role of pepsin during chemical digestion: |
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Definition
| Pepsin chemically digests the proteins in your food, breaking them down into short chains of amino acids. |
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Term
| When the thick liquid leaves the stomach, where does it go? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does most chemical digestion and abosorption take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest organ inside the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the liver in the digestive system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that breaks up fat particles-bile flows from the liver into the gallbladder then into the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organ that stores bile. |
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Term
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Definition
| A triangular organ that lies between the stomach & the 1st part of the small intestine; The pancreas produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Finger-shaped stuctures that cover the surface of the small intestine; Villi absorb nutreint molecules. |
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Term
| How do nutrients from the small intestine get to the rest of the body? |
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Definition
| They pass from the cells on the villi (in the small intestine) into the blood vessels. The blood carries the nutrients throughout the body for use by the body cells. |
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Term
| Describe the large intestine: |
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Definition
| The last section of the digestive system; about 1.5 meters long; runs up the right-hand side of the abdomen; across the upper abdomen and then down the left-hand side. |
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Term
| How can bacteria found in the large intestine be helpful? |
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Definition
| They make certain vitamins; including vitamin K; needed for blood clotting. |
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Term
| What happens to water as the remaining material moves through the large intestine? |
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Definition
| Water is absorbed into the blood stream. |
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Term
| Short tube at the end of the large intestine: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is waste material eliminated from the body? |
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Definition
| Through the anus; a muscular opening at the end of the rectum. |
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Term
| Where do your body cells get oxygen? |
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Definition
| From the air you breathe. |
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Term
| What are the two functions of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
| Moving oxygen from the outside environment into the body and removing carbon dioxide and water from the body. |
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Term
| Why do cells needs oxygen? |
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Definition
| For the energy releasing chemical reactions that take place in your cells. |
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Term
| What is the difference respiration and breathing? |
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Definition
| Breathing refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs while respiration refers to chemical reactions inside cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside the cells. |
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Term
| What two substances does respiration produce? |
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide and water. |
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Term
| Where does your respiration system eliminate carbon dioxide and some water? |
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Definition
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Term
| During respiration, oxygen reacts with glucose to release what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When particles or bacteria irritate the lining of your nose or throat. |
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Term
| Another name for the throat is? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a person to choke? |
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Definition
| When food enters the trachea. |
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Term
| Why are the lungs able to absorb a large amount of oxygen? |
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Definition
| They have a surgace area of about 70 square meters |
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Term
| Why do we have a large supply of oxygen when we are involved in strenuous activities? |
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Definition
| Because of the large surface area of the alveoli in the lungs |
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Term
| The process of removing wastes from the body |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of wasts that need to be removed? |
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Definition
| Water, urea and other wastes |
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Term
| How does excretion help the body maintain homeostasis? |
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Definition
| By keeping the body's internal environment stable and free of harmful chemicals. |
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Term
| Which parts of the respiratory system divide into smaller tubes that resemble the branches of a tree? |
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Definition
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Term
| Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| An irratation of the breathing passages in which the passages become clogged with mucas. |
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Definition
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Term
| A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulty. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cancerous tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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