Term
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Definition
1 Movement 2. Posture 3. Stabilize Joints 4. Heat |
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Term
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Definition
- Attach to Skeleton
- Striated
- Voluntary
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Term
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Definition
1. Muscle
2. Muscle Fascicle
3. Muscle Fiber(the Cell unit)
4. muscle fibril (sacrcolemma wraps around this) filament
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Term
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Definition
- involuntary
- viscera
- non striated
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Term
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Definition
>Heart
>Striated
>Involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
- Sarcolemma-cell membrane
- sarcoplasm- cytoplasm
- myofibrils- contract
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- transverse tubules-extensions of sarcolemma into cell
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- string of pearls
- made of actin
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Term
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Definition
- Sacromere- z line to z line
- Z line- dense protiens connecting sarcomeres also T-tubules
- M line- middle of H zone, where thick filiments connect
- A band- entire thick filiment
- H zone- Just thick filiments
- I band- just thin filiments
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Term
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Definition
- Rigor state: Myosin bound to actin
- ATP binds to myosin, unbinds
- ATP--> ADP+P: Myosin cocked
- Myosin reattaches
- P released--> Powerstroke
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Term
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Definition
Tropomyosin: string that blocks active sites on actin Troponin: like a lever that controles tropomyosin Ca++: triggers troponin active site
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Term
| Nueromuscular Junction: skeletal |
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Definition
Moter End plate like nuerons: small cleft - Acetylcholine release from nueron--> receptor in muscle cell membrane
- Channels open: K+ out, Na+ in
- Action potential
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Term
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Definition
1. AP across cell membrane--> down T tubules 2. Opens Ca++ channels on Sarcoplasmic reticulum--> dufuses out to sarcoplasm 3. Ca++ Bind to troponin on thin filiments
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Term
| Action Potential and Contraction |
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Definition
- Latent Period: Time between A and tension
- Twitch: Low frequency- low tension
- Summation: Higher frequency AP, higher tension
- Tentans: highset frequency AP-highest tension
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Term
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Definition
- Depends on pre-contractile length
- already overlapping: no where to move
- Too far apartL thick and thin filiments dont overlap at all, cant pull on each other (not in real life)
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Term
| Motor Unit and recruitment |
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Definition
- One somatic nueron and all the fivers it intervates
- More active motor units: more tension
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Term
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Definition
Isotonic: Constant tension (push rock on ground) Isometric: Muscle stays same length (push wall)
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Term
| Series Elastic Componants |
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Definition
- Must stretch to move a load
- Muscle sarcomeres move stretchy thigns which move whole muscle (pen and rubber band)
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Term
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Definition
- Takes a long time from AP to tension
- Nueron connection of veriscocities: like broken hose over muscle
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Term
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Definition
Tiny, spindal shaled Longer filaments, arranged like net over cell No troponin, no sarcomeres [image][image][image] |
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Term
| Smooth Muscle Contraction |
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Definition
- Depolarization opens Ca++ channels
- Ca++ released from SR and extracellular fluid
- Ca++ binds with Calmodulin, activates protiens that allow myosin to pull on actin
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Term
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Definition
- Pump Ca++ out of cell
- Ca++ starts to dissociate from calmodulin and deactivates
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Term
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Definition
Hormones: Chem signals thru blood Parocrins: released from neighboring cell
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Term
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Definition
Set their own rate, have unstable membrane potential - Slow wave potential: de and repolarizing cylcle, eventually reaches threashold (smooth muscle)
- Pacemaker potential- depolarizes to threshold every time
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Term
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Definition
Ø transport nutrients Ø transport waste Ø cell to cell communication Ø Body Defence Ø Heat distribution |
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Term
| Cardiac System Componants |
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Definition
Ø Arteries: carries blood away from heart Ø Veins: carry blood back to the heart Ø Capillaries: join arteries & veins. Very small. Ø Heart: left and right Atria, Left and right ventricles Ø Systemic Circulation: leaving L ventrical throughout body Ø Pulmonary Circulation: through lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow decreases as it moves awa from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Resistance: lowers rate of flow greater lengthe- higher resistance greater radius-lower resistance (main way our body changes velocity) greater viscocity- greater resistance
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Term
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Definition
- greater radius:lower flow velocity
- flow vol= vol/time (cm3/sec)
- Flow velocity=distance/time (cm/sec)
- surface area 1 x flow velocity1=surface area2 x flow velocity
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Term
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Definition
- Arterioventricular valves
- smilunar valves: blood leaves ventricals
- Open and close depend on pressure gradiante of atria v. ventricles and ventricles v. aorta and pulmonary trunk
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Term
| Cardiac Excitation: Basic Path |
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Definition
- AP Spreads through gap junctions in cells
- Ca+ in Sarcoplasmic rediculim and extracellular fluid
- Ca++ binds with troponin
- contraction like skeletal muscle
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Term
| Myocardial AP: Autorythmic |
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Definition
Set Pace -
- pacemaker potential: Na+ in and K+ out, slow depolarization (3/2 ratio)
- some Ca++ leak in as well
- -->Threshold: Ca++ in, fast depolarization
d. -->repolarize, Ca++ channels close, K+ out |
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Term
| Myocardial AP: Contractile Cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- lengthens AP
- lengthens refractory period to last as long as twitch lasts
- insures that heart does not stay clenched
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Term
| Heart Rate Modulation: Sympathetic |
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Definition
| > Norepinephrin (neurons) > Epinephrine (adrenal medulla) > Increaes Na, K Ca permeability, speeds up depolarization |
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Term
| Heart Rate Modulation : Parasympathetic stimulation |
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Definition
Acetylcholine (neurons) Increase K permeability and decrease Ca permeability |
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