Term
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Definition
| The substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its color. |
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Definition
| Protection against a disease or condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of supplying the cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of physically and chemically breaking down food so that it can be absorbed for use by the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The burning of food for heat and energy by the cells. |
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Definition
| A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The involuntary muscle contractions in the digestive system that move food down the esophagus through the alimentary canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organs that work together to perform special functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic unit of body structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups of tissues with the same function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A group of cells with similar function. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which the lining of the uterus breaks up and is discharged from the body through the vagina. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical substance secreted by the glands into the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer covering of the cell. It encloses the cell and helps it hod its shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| The control center of the cell. Directs the cells activities. It is in the center of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Surrounds the nucleus. Contains smaller structures that perform cell functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| All structures, substances, and water within the cell. Semi-liquid substance much like an egg white. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thread-like structures in the nucleus. Each cell has 46. Contain genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Control the traits children inherit fro their parents. Height, eye color, and skin color. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of cell division. Needed for tissue growth and repair. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers internal and external body surfaces. Tissue lining the nose, mouth, respiratory tract, stomach, and intestines. Skin, hair, nails, and glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anchors, connects, and supports other tissues. In every part of the body. Bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Blood is also a form of this tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stretches and contracts to let the body move. |
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Term
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Definition
| Recieves and carries impulses to the brain and back to body parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin. The largest system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer. Has living and dead cells. Contain pigment . Has no blood vessels and few nerve endings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner layer of skin. Made up of connective tissue. Blood vessels, nerves, hair roots, sweat glands and oil glands are found here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oil glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers the entire body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Protects the nose, ears and eyes from dust, insects, and other foreign objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects the tips of the fingers and toes. Help fingers pick up and handle small objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Help the body regulate temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lie near the hair shafts. Secrete and oily substance into the space near the hair shaft. Helps keep the hair and skin soft and shiny. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bear the body's weigh. Leg bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allow skill and ease in movement. Bones in the wrist, fingers, ankles, and toes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect the organs. They include the ribs, skull, pelvic bones, and shoulder blades. |
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Term
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Definition
| The vertebrae in the spinal column. Allow various degrees of movement and flexibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| The membrane the cover bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inside the hollow center of the bones. Blood cells are formed here. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point at which two or more bones meet. Allow movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The connective tissue at the end of the long bones. Cushions the joint so that the bone ends do not rub together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines the joints. Secretes Synovial Fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acts as a lubricant so the joint can move smoothly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hold bones together at the joint by strong bands of connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allow movement in all directions. Made up of the rounded end of one bone and the hollow end of another bone. Joints in the hips and shoulders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows movement in one direction. The elbow joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows turning from side to side. Connects the skull to the spine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles that can be consciously controlled. Muscles attached to bones. Muscles that are striated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Look striped or streaked. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles that work automatically. You cannot control them. Control the action of the stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and other body organs. They are called smooth muscles. They look smooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles in the heart. An Involutary muscle. Appears striated like skeletal muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
Movement of body parts
Maintenance of posture
Production of body heat |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong, tough connective tissues that connect muscles to bones. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| System that consists of the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that controls, directs, and coordinates body function. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Involves the nerves throughout the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry messages or impulses to and from the brain. Connect to the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protective covering some nerve fibers have. Insulates the nerve fiber. |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest part of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls movement and activities on the body's left side. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls movement and activities on the right side of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outside of the cerebrum. Controls reasoning, memory, consciousness, speech, voluntary muscle movement, vision, hearing, sensations, and other activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relay messages between the medulla and the cerebrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Below the pons. Controls heart rate, breathing, blood vessel size, swallowing, coughing, and vomitting. Connects the brain to the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lies withing the spinal column. It is 17-18 inches long. Contains pathways that conduct messages to and from the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 layers of connective tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer layer meninge that lies next to the skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| The middle layer meninge. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Space between the arachnoid layer and the pia mater layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid in the Arachnoid space. It circulates around the brainand spinal cord. Protects the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conduct impulses between the brain and the head, neck, chest, and abdomen. Impulses for smell, vision, hearing, pain, touch , temperature, and pressure. Impulses for voluntary and involuntary muscles. There are 12 pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry impulses from the skin, the extremities, and the internal structures. There are 31 pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nervous system that controls involuntary muscles and certain body functions. Heartbeat, blood pressure, intestinal contractiosn, and glandular secretions. Functions that occur automatically. |
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Term
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Speeds up functions. Stimulated when you are angry, scared, excited, or excercising. |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
| Slows functions down. Activated when you relax. |
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Term
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Definition
Sight
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Touch |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptors for taste in the tounge |
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Term
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Definition
| The whites of the eye. The outer layer. Made of tough connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second layer of the eye. Made up of blood vessels, the ciliary muscle and the iris. |
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Term
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Definition
| The opening in the middle of the iris. Size varies with the amount of light entering the eye. Constricts in bright light and dilates in dim or dark places. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The inner layer of the eye. Has receptors for vision and the nerve fibers of the optic nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Were light enters the eye. The transparent part of the outer layer that lies over the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Seperates the cornea from the lens. Filled with aqueous humor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid that helps the cornea keep its shape and position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behind the lens. A gelatin-like substance that supports the retina and maintains the eye' shape |
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Term
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Definition
| The external ear (outer part) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound waves are guided here through the external ear. Glands secrete a waxy substance here. Extends about 1 inch to the eardrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Waxy substance secreted in the auditory canal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seperates the external and the middle ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects the middle ear and the throat. Air enters to create equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amplify sound received from the eardrum and transmit the sound to the inner ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ossicle that looks like a hammer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ossicle that looks like an anvil. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ossicle shaped like a stirrup. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved with balance. They sense the heads position and changes in position. The send messages to the brain. There are 3 of them |
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Term
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Definition
| Looks like a snail shell. Contains fluid that carries sound waves from the middle ear to the auditory nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| System made up of the blood, heart, and blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Red blood cells. Give blood its red color because of hemoglobin. Live for 3-4 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| White blood cells. Have no color. Protect the body against infection. Live for 9 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Needed for blood clotting. Formed by the bone marrow. Lives for 4 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pumps blood through the blood vessels to the tissues and cells. In the lower part of the chest toward the left side. Is hollow and has 3 layers and 4 chambers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer of the heart. A thin sac covering the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The second layer of the heart. A membrane, it lines the inner surface of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inner layer of the heart. A membrane, it lines the inner surface of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper chambers of the heart that recieve blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper chamber of the heart. Recieves blood from body tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper chamber of the heart. Receives blood from the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower chambers of the heart. Pump blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower chamber of the heart. Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower chamber of the heart. Pumps blood to all parts of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Between the atria and ventricles. Allow blood flow in one direction. Prevent blood from flowing back into the atria from the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Between the right atrium and the right ventricle. |
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Term
| Mitral Valve (bicuspid valve) |
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Definition
| Between the left atrium and left vnetricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The resting phase. Heart chambers fill with blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| The working phase. The heart contracts. Blood is pumped through the blood vessels when the heart contracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood flows to body tissues and cells. 3 groups are arteries, capillaries, and veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest artery. Recieves blood directly from the left ventricle. Branches into other arteries that carry blood to all parts of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest branch of an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connect veins to cappillaries. Small veins. Branch together to for veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Empty into the right atrium. Carries blood from the legs and trunk. |
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Term
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Definition
| Empty into the right atrium. Carries blood from the head and arms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dark red blood. It has little oxygen and a lot of carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tube-shaped passageway for air and food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air passes here from the pharynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece of cartilage that acts like a lid over the larynx. Prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing. Lifts during inhalation to let air pass over the larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides at its lower end into the right bronchus and left bronchus. Air passes to here from the larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the 2 bronchus divide into many smaller branches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny one-celled air sacs at the end of bronchioles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A muscle that seperate the lungs from the abdominal cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 layered sac that cover each lung. Attached to lung and chest wall. Secretes thin fluid that fills the space between the 2 layers. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that breaks down food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed for use by the cells. |
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Term
| Gasrointestinal System (GI system) |
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Definition
| Same as the digestive system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mouth. Where digestion begins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mucous membrane that lines the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Semi-liquid substance formed when food is mixed with gastric juices. |
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Term
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Definition
| About 20 feet long. Has 3 parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the small intestine. Where more digestive juices are added to the cyme. |
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Term
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Definition
| A greenish liquid made in the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the small intestine. Most food absorption takes place here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the small intestine. Most food absorption takes place here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Line the small intestine. Absorb the digested food into the capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Undigested chyme passes to here from the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorbs most of the water from the chyme. |
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Term
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Definition
| System that removes waste products from the blood and maintains water balance within the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 bean-shaped organs in the upper abdomen. Lie against the back muscles on each side of the spine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in the Kidneys. Is the basic working unit of the kidneys. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tiny coiled tubule. In each nephron. |
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Term
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Definition
| At the end of each convoluted tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster of capillaries surrounded by the Bowman's capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Collecting tubules drain urine here. In the kidney. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tube attached to the renal pelvis of the kidney. About 10-12 inches long. Carry urine to the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hollow, muscular sac. Lies toward the front in the lower part of the abdominal cavity. Urine is stored here until the need to urinate is felt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Urine passes here from the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening at the end of the urethra. Where urine is passed from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The male hormone. Produced in the testes. Needed for the male secondary sex characteristics. Facial hair, pubic and axillary hair, chest hair, arms, chest, and legs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sac where testes are suspended between the thighs. Made of skin and muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coiled tube on top and to the sides of the testis. Sperm travel here from the testis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tube that joins a seminal vesicle. Sperm travel through this tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced in the seminal vesicles. A fluid that carries sperm from the male reproductive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the seminal vesicle ducts unite and join. Passes through the prostate gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lies just below the bladder. Shaped like a donut. |
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Term
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Definition
| Runs through the prostate gland. Outlet for urine and semen. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs. Female sex cell. Release monthly. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Estrogen and progesterone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The egg travels through here. There are 2 of these. One on each side. |
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Term
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Definition
| The main part of the uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hollowm muscular organ shaped like a pear. The center of the pelvic cavity behind the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue lining the uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects the body from disease and infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's reaction to a certain threat. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's reaction to anything it does not recognize as a normal body substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal body subsances that recognize abnormal or unwanted substances. They attack and destroy the substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal or unwanted substances. Causes the body to produce antibodies. Antibodies attack and destroy these. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that cause the prduction on antibodies that cirulate in the plasma. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that destroy invading cells. Produce poisons near the invading cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |
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Term
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Definition
| At the base of the brain behind the eyes. Called the master gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretes growth hormones, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, and Adrenocorticotropic hormone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. |
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