Term
| what is the outer cell layer of plants? what does it do? |
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Definition
epidermis
secretes waxy protein called cuticle |
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Term
| what are plants that live for 1 year called? multiple years? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 3 qualities of an annual? |
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Definition
| monocots, outer covering like that of leaves, known as herbaceous |
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Term
| why do the body coverings of perennials keep growing? |
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Definition
| must be more than 1 cell layer thick for support |
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Term
| what are the 4 types of plant tissue? |
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Definition
epidermal tissue
ground tissue
meristematic tissue
vascular tissue |
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Term
| what makes growth happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is primary growth? what is the kind of tissue where it happens? |
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Definition
elongation - roots and shoots are the first place growth happens
apical meristem |
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Term
| what does apical meristem look like? |
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Definition
| end of root/shoot has loose/dead/non mitotic cells that cover the inside which is tightly packed cells that are very mitotic |
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Term
| what are the 1st 2 places that grow and why? |
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Definition
roots and shoots
roots for support and nutrients
shoots for photosynthesis |
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Term
| what are the "baby leaves" called and what are they on? |
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Definition
leaf primordia
shoot apical meristem |
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Term
| what are the bumps on shoot apical meristem? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens after elongation? what is this tissue called? |
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Definition
lateral growth - secondary growth
lateral meristem |
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Term
| what are the 2 types of lateral meristem and what do they do? |
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Definition
cork cambium - periderm replaces epidermis in woody plants, outer bark called suberin
vascular cambium - generates xylem and phloem |
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Term
| what is between all xylem and phloem? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is it called when the phloem is removed? what animal does this? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the only living part of the tree? |
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Definition
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Term
| when the phloem keeps growing, where does it go? |
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Definition
| squishes against outer bark |
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Term
| what represents a year of growth on a stem? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the small knot in the tree trunk - represents the 1st year of growth |
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Term
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Definition
| ground (parenchyma) tissue that runs between vascular tissue to central canal in the form of wheel spokes |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of H2O and compounds |
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Term
| what are the 4 main functions of the integument system? (skin) |
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Definition
UV protection
bacterial protection
mechanical protection
water proofing (keratin) |
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Term
| what are the 2 major layers of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some unique things about the epidermis? |
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Definition
several cell layers thick, made of both dead and alive cells.
very fast replacement speed |
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Term
| what all does the dermis contain? what is it considered? |
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Definition
nerve endings, hair roots and shafts, pores, sweat glands, blood vessels
considered an organ |
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Term
| what is the only nerve receptor in the epidermis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of skeleton does an earthworm have? how do they move? what are the legs called? |
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Definition
hydrostatic
when the longitudinal contract, fills with fluid
when circular contracts, stretches out
bristles |
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Term
| what do some mollusks have as exoskeletons? |
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Definition
| CaCO3 crystals embedded in protein |
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Term
| what are the 3 layers of exoskeleton and what do they do? |
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Definition
epicuticle - outer waxy layer
procuticle - mid layer (like epiderm) contains proteins/chitin
hypodermis - only living layer - secretes top 2 layers |
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Term
| what is the only animal to have a procuticle made of CaCO3? |
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Definition
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Term
| what animals have endoskeletons? |
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Definition
| echinodermata and chordata |
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Term
| what is the skeleton of an echinodermata called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 types of connective tissue in vertebrates? |
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Definition
a living matrix called chondroitin sulfate
formed elements (cells) called chondrocytes |
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Term
| what are bones filled with? |
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Definition
2 types of marrow
red - in flat bones and at the end of bones - makes red blood cells
yellow - center of long bones - makes white blood cells and deposits fat |
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Term
| what are holes in bones for? |
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Definition
| blood vessels, nerves, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| unit of bone structure in concentric circles |
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Term
| what is inside an osteon? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do osteocytes move things by? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do pseudopod channels go to? |
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Definition
| central canal and osteocytes |
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Term
| what holds together bone to bone? bone to muscle? |
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Definition
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