Term
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Definition
Borrelia
Plasmodium
Trypanosomes
Chlamydia |
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Term
| PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) |
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Definition
Stains glycogen/mucopolysaccharides
Used to diagnose Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) |
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Term
| Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cryptococcus neoformans (mucicarmine can also be used to stain thick polysaccharide capsule red) |
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Term
|
Definition
Fungi (e.g., Pneumocystis)
Legionella |
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Term
| Chocolate agar with factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin) |
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Definition
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Term
Thayer-Martin (or VPN) media
Vancomycin inhibits gram +
Polymyxin inhibits gram -
Nystatin inhibits fungi |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar |
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Definition
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Term
| Tellurite plate, Loffler's media |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar |
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Definition
| Lactose-fermenting enterics (fermentation produces acid, turning plate pink) |
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Term
| Eosin-methylene blue (EMB): blue-black colonies with metallic sheen |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Actinomyces israelii pigment |
|
Definition
| yellow "sulfur" granules, composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa pigment |
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Definition
Blue-green
AERUGula is green |
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Term
| Serratia marcescens pigment |
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Definition
Red
(red maraschino cherries) |
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|
Term
Protein A
S. aureus virulence factor |
|
Definition
Binds Fc region of Ig
Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis |
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Term
| IgA protease virulence factor (SHiN) |
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Definition
Enzyme that cleaves IgA in order to colonize respiratory mucosa
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae type B
Neisseria |
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Term
M protein
Group A streptococcus virulence factor |
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Definition
| Helps prevent phagocytosis |
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|
Term
From certain species of gram+ and gram- bacteria
Secreted from cell
Polypeptide
Genes on plasmid or bacteriophage
Highly toxic
Induces high-titer antibodies called antitoxins
Toxoids used as vaccines
Destroyed rapidly at 60C (except staph enterotoxin)
Typical diseases: Tetanus, botulism, diphtheria |
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Definition
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|
Term
From outer cell membrane of most gram-
Lipopolysaccharide
Gene in bacterial chromosome
Low toxicity
Clinical: Fever, shock
MOA: Induces TNF and IL-1
Poorly antigenic
No toxoids formed and no vaccine available
Stable at 100C for 1hr
Typical diseases: Meningococcemia, sepsis by gram(-)rods |
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Definition
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Term
Parasite hints:
Brain cysts, seizures |
|
Definition
| Taenia solium (cysticercosis) |
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Term
Parasite hints:
Liver cysts |
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Definition
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Term
Parasite hints:
B12 deficiency |
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Definition
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|
Term
Parasite hints:
Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma |
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Definition
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|
Term
Parasite hints:
Hemoptysis |
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Definition
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|
Term
Parasite hints:
Portal HTN |
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Definition
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|
Term
Parasite hints:
Hematuria, bladder cancer |
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Definition
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|
Term
Parasite hints:
Microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus |
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|
Term
Parasite hints:
Perianal pruritus |
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Definition
| Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) |
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