Term
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Definition
| M and N receptors; Short half life so no clinical use. |
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Term
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Definition
| M; useful in ileus (postop/neurogenic), and urinary retention. |
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Term
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Definition
| M>N; Used to diagnose asthma (bronchial hyperreactivity) |
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Term
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Definition
| M; Can be used in glaucoma or as a tx. for xerostomia (dry mouth) as in Sjogren's syndrome. Also can be used to induce sweating in a CF suspected patient to measure Cl levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| AchE inhibitor; used to dx. myasthenia; can differentiate myasthenia from a cholinergic crisis. |
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Term
| Neostigmine, pyridostigmine |
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Definition
| AchE inhibitor; quaternary amine (+ charge so no CNS entry). Useful to tx. ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia (long acting), and to reverse nondepolarizing NM blockers (cuarine). |
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Term
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Definition
| AchE inhibitor; Tertiary amine (no charge so enters CNS). Used to treat glaucoma. Antidote in atropine overdose. |
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Term
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Definition
| AchE inhibitor; Lipid soluble (CNS entry) and used to Tx. Alzheimer's disease. Area of action is the nucleus basalis of Meynert. |
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Term
| Organophosphates (-phate in drug name) |
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Definition
| AchE irreversible inhibitor; some members have clinical use (echothiophate in glaucoma), while others are used as insecticides (malathion, parathion) and as a nerve gas (sarin) |
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Term
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Definition
| AchE re-activator; useful only before "aging" occurs which effectively irreversibly phosphorylates AchE. |
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Term
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Definition
| M receptor antagonist; tertiary amine (enters CNS). Causes decreased secretions, mydriasis (w/ cycloplegia), hyperthermia, tachycardia, sedation, urinary retention/constapation, and behavioral excitation/hallucinations with increasing dose. Tx. AchE inhibitor OD. |
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Term
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Definition
| M inhibitor; useful in ophthalmology to dilate pupils (topical) |
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Term
|
Definition
| M inhibitor; useful in asthma and COPD tx.. No CNS entry or change in mucus viscosity. |
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Term
| Benzotropine, trihexyphenidyl |
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Definition
| M inhibitor; lipid soluble (CNS entry) and can be used to tx. parkinsonism and in acute extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics. |
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Term
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Definition
| M inhibitor; used in motion sickness because CN VIII is predominantly controlled through Ach. Can cause sedation and anterograde amnesia. |
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Term
| hexamethonium and mecamylamine |
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Definition
| Nn blockers; act on ganglia. Reduce the predominant autonomic tone at a site. Can be used to differentiate a reflex from a drug induced tachycardia (prevents reflex tach or bradycardia). |
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Term
|
Definition
| a1 agonist; useful as a nasal decongestant and in ophthalmologic use. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a1 agonist; used to tx paroxysmal atrial tachycardia by eliciting the vagal reflex to increased BP. Not commonly used today |
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Term
|
Definition
| a2 agonist; useful in mild to moderate hypertension by stimulating prejunctional receptors in the CNS to decrease sympathetic outflow. |
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Term
|
Definition
| b1=b2 agonist; used to treat bronchospasm, heart block and bradyarrhythmias. Can cause flushing, angina and arrhythmias itself. |
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Term
|
Definition
| b1>b2 agonist; used in CHF because heart rate can be increased without causing too much edema due to vasodilation. |
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Term
| albuterol and terbutaline |
|
Definition
| b2 agonist; useful in asthma. |
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Term
|
Definition
| b2 agonist; used in premature labor as a preventative measure. allows for the smooth muscle of the uterus to relax and to contract the sphincter. |
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Term
|
Definition
| b2 agonist; useful in asthma prophylactically because of its very slow onset of action. |
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Term
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Definition
| a1, a2, and b1 agonist. Causes a net increase in blood pressure with resulting reflex bradycardia (positive sloped tracing graph of hr vs. bp.) Reflex bradycardia can be prevented with hexamethonium or mecamilamine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a1, a2, b1, b2, agonist; the a2 action is largely irrelevant clinically. Has differing action at different doses: lower BP with increased pulse pressure and HR at low dose, increased pulse pressure, HR, and constant BP at medium dose, and increased BP and TPR at high dose with potential reflex bradycardia (similar to norepinephrine). Can distinguish high dose epinephrine from norepinephrine via administration of an a1 blocker to reverse the hypertension (unmasks b2 receptor activity). |
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Term
|
Definition
| a1 and a2 antagonist; noncompetitive. DOC for pheochromocytome pre-surgery. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a1 and a2 antagonist; competitive. |
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Term
| prazosin, doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin. |
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Definition
| a1 antagonist; usee with finesteride for BPH tx. allows for muscle relaxation. Also helps with hypertension which is also usually a problem in males with BPH. |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; slightly B1 selective. Partial agonist reduces bradycardia side effect and can cause slight sedation. Also, as a partial agonists it causes no increase in blood lipids. Approved as a class II antiarrhythmic by the FDA. |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; slightly B1 selective. Water soluble so no sedation (no CNS entry). |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; slightly B1 selective. Can cause some sedation, bradycardia, and increased blood lipids. |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; partial agonist. can cause some slight sedation but because it is a partial agonis it causes no increase in blood lipids. |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; can be very sedative due to extensive CNS entry. Often used to treat anxiety disorders or tremors. Can cause an increase in blood lipids. Approved as a class II antiarrhythmic by the FDA. |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; Can cause moderate sedation and increase in blood lipids. Useful in the treatment of glaucoma to block the action of NE at the ciliary epithelium in the eye (decreased aqueous humor formation). |
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Term
|
Definition
| B blocker; slightly B1 selective. Approved as a class II antiarrhythmic by the FDA. |
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